Longitudinal changes in neural gain and its relationship to cognitive control trajectory in young adults with early psychosis
Abstract The mixed cognitive outcomes in early psychosis (EP) have important implications for recovery. In this longitudinal study, we asked whether baseline differences in the cognitive control system (CCS) in EP participants would revert toward a normative trajectory seen in healthy controls (HC)....
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Translational Psychiatry |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-023-02381-x |
| _version_ | 1797863503473672192 |
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| author | Bjorn Burgher James Scott Luca Cocchi Michael Breakspear |
| author_facet | Bjorn Burgher James Scott Luca Cocchi Michael Breakspear |
| author_sort | Bjorn Burgher |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The mixed cognitive outcomes in early psychosis (EP) have important implications for recovery. In this longitudinal study, we asked whether baseline differences in the cognitive control system (CCS) in EP participants would revert toward a normative trajectory seen in healthy controls (HC). Thirty EP and 30 HC undertook functional MRI at baseline using the multi-source interference task—a paradigm that selectively introduces stimulus conflict—and 19 in each group repeated the task at 12 months. Activation of the left superior parietal cortex normalized over time for the EP group, relative to HC, coincident with improvements in reaction time and social-occupational functioning. To examine these group and timepoint differences, we used dynamic causal modeling to infer changes in effective connectivity between regions underlying the MSIT task execution, namely visual, anterior insula, anterior cingulate, and superior parietal cortical regions. To resolve stimulus conflict, EP participants transitioned from an indirect to a direct neuromodulation of sensory input to the anterior insula over timepoints, though not as strongly as HC participants. Stronger direct nonlinear modulation of the anterior insula by the superior parietal cortex at follow-up was associated with improved task performance. Overall, normalization of the CCS through adoption of more direct processing of complex sensory input to the anterior insula, was observed in EP after 12 months of treatment. Such processing of complex sensory input reflects a computational principle called gain control, which appears to track changes in cognitive trajectory within the EP group. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T22:36:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d78c44520d684602b77c142693078a6d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2158-3188 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T22:36:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Translational Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-d78c44520d684602b77c142693078a6d2023-03-22T12:27:09ZengNature Publishing GroupTranslational Psychiatry2158-31882023-03-011311910.1038/s41398-023-02381-xLongitudinal changes in neural gain and its relationship to cognitive control trajectory in young adults with early psychosisBjorn Burgher0James Scott1Luca Cocchi2Michael Breakspear3QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteUniversity of NewcastleAbstract The mixed cognitive outcomes in early psychosis (EP) have important implications for recovery. In this longitudinal study, we asked whether baseline differences in the cognitive control system (CCS) in EP participants would revert toward a normative trajectory seen in healthy controls (HC). Thirty EP and 30 HC undertook functional MRI at baseline using the multi-source interference task—a paradigm that selectively introduces stimulus conflict—and 19 in each group repeated the task at 12 months. Activation of the left superior parietal cortex normalized over time for the EP group, relative to HC, coincident with improvements in reaction time and social-occupational functioning. To examine these group and timepoint differences, we used dynamic causal modeling to infer changes in effective connectivity between regions underlying the MSIT task execution, namely visual, anterior insula, anterior cingulate, and superior parietal cortical regions. To resolve stimulus conflict, EP participants transitioned from an indirect to a direct neuromodulation of sensory input to the anterior insula over timepoints, though not as strongly as HC participants. Stronger direct nonlinear modulation of the anterior insula by the superior parietal cortex at follow-up was associated with improved task performance. Overall, normalization of the CCS through adoption of more direct processing of complex sensory input to the anterior insula, was observed in EP after 12 months of treatment. Such processing of complex sensory input reflects a computational principle called gain control, which appears to track changes in cognitive trajectory within the EP group.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-023-02381-x |
| spellingShingle | Bjorn Burgher James Scott Luca Cocchi Michael Breakspear Longitudinal changes in neural gain and its relationship to cognitive control trajectory in young adults with early psychosis Translational Psychiatry |
| title | Longitudinal changes in neural gain and its relationship to cognitive control trajectory in young adults with early psychosis |
| title_full | Longitudinal changes in neural gain and its relationship to cognitive control trajectory in young adults with early psychosis |
| title_fullStr | Longitudinal changes in neural gain and its relationship to cognitive control trajectory in young adults with early psychosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Longitudinal changes in neural gain and its relationship to cognitive control trajectory in young adults with early psychosis |
| title_short | Longitudinal changes in neural gain and its relationship to cognitive control trajectory in young adults with early psychosis |
| title_sort | longitudinal changes in neural gain and its relationship to cognitive control trajectory in young adults with early psychosis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-023-02381-x |
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