Ginsenoside Rh4 Improves Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation in a Model of NAFLD by Targeting the Gut Liver Axis and Modulating the FXR Signaling Pathway
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a series of disorders of liver metabolism caused by the accumulation of lipids in the liver, which is considered the main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. Our previous study demonstrated the promising efficacy of ginsenoside Rh4 in improving the intesti...
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/13/2492 |
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| author | Siming Yang Zhiguang Duan Sen Zhang Cuiying Fan Chenhui Zhu Rongzhan Fu Xiaoxuan Ma Daidi Fan |
| author_facet | Siming Yang Zhiguang Duan Sen Zhang Cuiying Fan Chenhui Zhu Rongzhan Fu Xiaoxuan Ma Daidi Fan |
| author_sort | Siming Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a series of disorders of liver metabolism caused by the accumulation of lipids in the liver, which is considered the main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. Our previous study demonstrated the promising efficacy of ginsenoside Rh4 in improving the intestinal tract and its related metabolites. Meanwhile, many studies in the literature have investigated the gut microbiota and its metabolites, such as bile acids (BAs) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which play a key role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Therefore, this study focused on whether Rh4 could achieve therapeutic effects on NAFLD through the gut–liver axis. The results showed that Rh4 exhibited sound therapeutic effects on the NAFLD model induced by the Western diet and CCl<sub>4</sub> in mice. In the liver, the degrees of hepatic steatosis, lobular inflammation levels, and bile acid in the liver tissue were improved after Rh4 treatment. At the same time, Rh4 treatment significantly increased the levels of intestinal SCFAs and BAs, and these changes were accompanied by the complementary diversity and composition of intestinal flora. In addition, correlation analysis showed that Rh4 affected the expression of proteins involved in the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling pathway in the liver and intestine, which modulates hepatic lipid metabolism, inflammation, and proteins related to bile acid regulation. In conclusion, our study provides a valuable insight into how Rh4 targets the gut–liver axis for the development of NAFLD, which indicates that Rh4 may be a promising candidate for the clinical therapy of NAFLD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:42:26Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:42:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-d7a3ddcc45f945fca0e3d2b2136941f12023-11-18T16:33:17ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582023-06-011213249210.3390/foods12132492Ginsenoside Rh4 Improves Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation in a Model of NAFLD by Targeting the Gut Liver Axis and Modulating the FXR Signaling PathwaySiming Yang0Zhiguang Duan1Sen Zhang2Cuiying Fan3Chenhui Zhu4Rongzhan Fu5Xiaoxuan Ma6Daidi Fan7Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, ChinaShaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, ChinaShaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, ChinaXi’an Giant Biogene Technology Co., Ltd., No. 20, Zone C, Venture R&D Park, No. 69, Jinye Road, High-tech Zone, Xi’an 710077, ChinaShaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, ChinaShaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, ChinaShaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, ChinaShaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, ChinaNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a series of disorders of liver metabolism caused by the accumulation of lipids in the liver, which is considered the main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. Our previous study demonstrated the promising efficacy of ginsenoside Rh4 in improving the intestinal tract and its related metabolites. Meanwhile, many studies in the literature have investigated the gut microbiota and its metabolites, such as bile acids (BAs) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which play a key role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Therefore, this study focused on whether Rh4 could achieve therapeutic effects on NAFLD through the gut–liver axis. The results showed that Rh4 exhibited sound therapeutic effects on the NAFLD model induced by the Western diet and CCl<sub>4</sub> in mice. In the liver, the degrees of hepatic steatosis, lobular inflammation levels, and bile acid in the liver tissue were improved after Rh4 treatment. At the same time, Rh4 treatment significantly increased the levels of intestinal SCFAs and BAs, and these changes were accompanied by the complementary diversity and composition of intestinal flora. In addition, correlation analysis showed that Rh4 affected the expression of proteins involved in the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling pathway in the liver and intestine, which modulates hepatic lipid metabolism, inflammation, and proteins related to bile acid regulation. In conclusion, our study provides a valuable insight into how Rh4 targets the gut–liver axis for the development of NAFLD, which indicates that Rh4 may be a promising candidate for the clinical therapy of NAFLD.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/13/2492ginsenoside Rh4NAFLDgut–liver axisFXRbile acidsSCFAs |
| spellingShingle | Siming Yang Zhiguang Duan Sen Zhang Cuiying Fan Chenhui Zhu Rongzhan Fu Xiaoxuan Ma Daidi Fan Ginsenoside Rh4 Improves Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation in a Model of NAFLD by Targeting the Gut Liver Axis and Modulating the FXR Signaling Pathway Foods ginsenoside Rh4 NAFLD gut–liver axis FXR bile acids SCFAs |
| title | Ginsenoside Rh4 Improves Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation in a Model of NAFLD by Targeting the Gut Liver Axis and Modulating the FXR Signaling Pathway |
| title_full | Ginsenoside Rh4 Improves Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation in a Model of NAFLD by Targeting the Gut Liver Axis and Modulating the FXR Signaling Pathway |
| title_fullStr | Ginsenoside Rh4 Improves Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation in a Model of NAFLD by Targeting the Gut Liver Axis and Modulating the FXR Signaling Pathway |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ginsenoside Rh4 Improves Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation in a Model of NAFLD by Targeting the Gut Liver Axis and Modulating the FXR Signaling Pathway |
| title_short | Ginsenoside Rh4 Improves Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation in a Model of NAFLD by Targeting the Gut Liver Axis and Modulating the FXR Signaling Pathway |
| title_sort | ginsenoside rh4 improves hepatic lipid metabolism and inflammation in a model of nafld by targeting the gut liver axis and modulating the fxr signaling pathway |
| topic | ginsenoside Rh4 NAFLD gut–liver axis FXR bile acids SCFAs |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/13/2492 |
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