Detection of fungal and bacterial contamination of hazelnut and determination of aflatoxin B by HPLC method in Isfahan, Iran
Background and Purpose: Due to the fact that fungal species such as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus produce carcinogenic and mutagenic aflatoxins and have the potential to produce fungal secondary metabolites, fungal contamination should be avoided. This study was conducted using the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Current Medical Mycology |
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| Online Access: | http://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_140975_cf82c55536f9fdca4872b55c4465b8c4.pdf |
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| author | Elham Saffari Mahboobe Madani Vajihe Karbasizade Pegah Shakib |
| author_facet | Elham Saffari Mahboobe Madani Vajihe Karbasizade Pegah Shakib |
| author_sort | Elham Saffari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Purpose: Due to the fact that fungal species such as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus produce carcinogenic and mutagenic aflatoxins and have the potential to produce fungal secondary metabolites, fungal contamination should be avoided. This study was conducted using the HPLC method and was aimed at examining the fungal contamination of Isfahan hazelnuts in order to identify the presence of Aflatoxins.Materials and Methods: One hundred samples of hazelnuts were randomly collected from supermarkets in Isfahan. The samples were then cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) media and analyzed to determine fungal contaminations. The aflatoxin analysis was carried out using the HPLC method.Results: It was discovered that nine genera of fungi, namely Aspergillus, Penicillium , Rhizopus, Ulocladium, Alternaria, Drechselera, Trichothecium, Scopulariopsis, and Mucor were identified in 78% of the samples. Samples contaminated with Aspergillus flavus (22 samples) were studied to determine the presence of aflatoxin. The results showed that 16 (72.72%) of the samples were contaminated with AFB1, AFB2 and AFG2 and the mean concentrations were 0.926, 0.563 and 0.155ng/g, respectively.Conclusions: Some parameters that affect mycotoxin production are temperature, food substrate, strain of the mold and other environmental factors. Due to the toxigenic quality of some of these fungi and their hazard to human health, it is crucial that fungal contamination and aflatoxin identification tests are carried out before certain products are made available to the mass market. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T04:11:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d7ae0b2d3a3249b88b0e3b3d85605693 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2423-3439 2423-3420 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T04:11:13Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Current Medical Mycology |
| spelling | doaj.art-d7ae0b2d3a3249b88b0e3b3d856056932023-01-01T06:33:11ZengMazandaran University of Medical SciencesCurrent Medical Mycology2423-34392423-34202021-12-01741510.18502/cmm.7.4.8404140975Detection of fungal and bacterial contamination of hazelnut and determination of aflatoxin B by HPLC method in Isfahan, IranElham Saffari0Mahboobe Madani1Vajihe Karbasizade2Pegah Shakib3Department of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, IranDepartment of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, IranDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranRazi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IranBackground and Purpose: Due to the fact that fungal species such as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus produce carcinogenic and mutagenic aflatoxins and have the potential to produce fungal secondary metabolites, fungal contamination should be avoided. This study was conducted using the HPLC method and was aimed at examining the fungal contamination of Isfahan hazelnuts in order to identify the presence of Aflatoxins.Materials and Methods: One hundred samples of hazelnuts were randomly collected from supermarkets in Isfahan. The samples were then cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) media and analyzed to determine fungal contaminations. The aflatoxin analysis was carried out using the HPLC method.Results: It was discovered that nine genera of fungi, namely Aspergillus, Penicillium , Rhizopus, Ulocladium, Alternaria, Drechselera, Trichothecium, Scopulariopsis, and Mucor were identified in 78% of the samples. Samples contaminated with Aspergillus flavus (22 samples) were studied to determine the presence of aflatoxin. The results showed that 16 (72.72%) of the samples were contaminated with AFB1, AFB2 and AFG2 and the mean concentrations were 0.926, 0.563 and 0.155ng/g, respectively.Conclusions: Some parameters that affect mycotoxin production are temperature, food substrate, strain of the mold and other environmental factors. Due to the toxigenic quality of some of these fungi and their hazard to human health, it is crucial that fungal contamination and aflatoxin identification tests are carried out before certain products are made available to the mass market.http://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_140975_cf82c55536f9fdca4872b55c4465b8c4.pdfnutshplcaflatoxiniran |
| spellingShingle | Elham Saffari Mahboobe Madani Vajihe Karbasizade Pegah Shakib Detection of fungal and bacterial contamination of hazelnut and determination of aflatoxin B by HPLC method in Isfahan, Iran Current Medical Mycology nuts hplc aflatoxin iran |
| title | Detection of fungal and bacterial contamination of hazelnut and determination of aflatoxin B by HPLC method in Isfahan, Iran |
| title_full | Detection of fungal and bacterial contamination of hazelnut and determination of aflatoxin B by HPLC method in Isfahan, Iran |
| title_fullStr | Detection of fungal and bacterial contamination of hazelnut and determination of aflatoxin B by HPLC method in Isfahan, Iran |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection of fungal and bacterial contamination of hazelnut and determination of aflatoxin B by HPLC method in Isfahan, Iran |
| title_short | Detection of fungal and bacterial contamination of hazelnut and determination of aflatoxin B by HPLC method in Isfahan, Iran |
| title_sort | detection of fungal and bacterial contamination of hazelnut and determination of aflatoxin b by hplc method in isfahan iran |
| topic | nuts hplc aflatoxin iran |
| url | http://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_140975_cf82c55536f9fdca4872b55c4465b8c4.pdf |
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