Impact of comorbidity on patients with COVID-19 in India: A nationwide analysis
BackgroundThe emergence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a global pandemic has resulted in the loss of many lives and a significant decline in global economic losses. Thus, for a large country like India, there is a need to comprehend the dynamics of COVID-19 in a clustered way.ObjectiveTo evalu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1027312/full |
| _version_ | 1811176981493972992 |
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| author | Priya Singh Yogendra Bhaskar Pulkit Verma Shweta Rana Prabudh Goel Sujeet Kumar Krushna Chandra Gouda Harpreet Singh |
| author_facet | Priya Singh Yogendra Bhaskar Pulkit Verma Shweta Rana Prabudh Goel Sujeet Kumar Krushna Chandra Gouda Harpreet Singh |
| author_sort | Priya Singh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundThe emergence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a global pandemic has resulted in the loss of many lives and a significant decline in global economic losses. Thus, for a large country like India, there is a need to comprehend the dynamics of COVID-19 in a clustered way.ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 according to age, gender, and preexisting comorbidity. Patients with COVID-19 were categorized according to comorbidity, and the data over a 2-year period (1 January 2020 to 31 January 2022) were considered to analyze the impact of comorbidity on severe COVID-19 outcomes.MethodsFor different age/gender groups, the distribution of COVID-19 positive, hospitalized, and mortality cases was estimated. The impact of comorbidity was assessed by computing incidence rate (IR), odds ratio (OR), and proportion analysis.ResultsThe results indicated that COVID-19 caused an exponential growth in mortality. In patients over the age of 50, the mortality rate was found to be very high, ~80%. Moreover, based on the estimation of OR, it can be inferred that age and various preexisting comorbidities were found to be predictors of severe COVID-19 outcomes. The strongest risk factors for COVID-19 mortality were preexisting comorbidities like diabetes (OR: 2.39; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.31–2.47; p < 0.0001), hypertension (OR: 2.31; 95% CI: 2.23–2.39; p < 0.0001), and heart disease (OR: 2.19; 95% CI: 2.08–2.30; p < 0.0001). The proportion of fatal cases among patients positive for COVID-19 increased with the number of comorbidities.ConclusionThis study concluded that elderly patients with preexisting comorbidities were at an increased risk of COVID-19 mortality. Patients in the elderly age group with underlying medical conditions are recommended for preventive medical care or medical resources and vaccination against COVID-19. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:01:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d7b3f2de07b945638f2fb4e7e498d4b3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:01:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-d7b3f2de07b945638f2fb4e7e498d4b32023-01-27T05:24:56ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652023-01-011010.3389/fpubh.2022.10273121027312Impact of comorbidity on patients with COVID-19 in India: A nationwide analysisPriya Singh0Yogendra Bhaskar1Pulkit Verma2Shweta Rana3Prabudh Goel4Sujeet Kumar5Krushna Chandra Gouda6Harpreet Singh7Division of Biomedical Informatics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, IndiaDivision of Biomedical Informatics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, IndiaDivision of Biomedical Informatics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, IndiaDivision of Biomedical Informatics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, IndiaCentre for Proteomics and Drug Discovery, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai, IndiaEarth and Engineering Sciences Division, CSIR Fourth Paradigm Institute, Bangalore, IndiaDivision of Biomedical Informatics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, IndiaBackgroundThe emergence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a global pandemic has resulted in the loss of many lives and a significant decline in global economic losses. Thus, for a large country like India, there is a need to comprehend the dynamics of COVID-19 in a clustered way.ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 according to age, gender, and preexisting comorbidity. Patients with COVID-19 were categorized according to comorbidity, and the data over a 2-year period (1 January 2020 to 31 January 2022) were considered to analyze the impact of comorbidity on severe COVID-19 outcomes.MethodsFor different age/gender groups, the distribution of COVID-19 positive, hospitalized, and mortality cases was estimated. The impact of comorbidity was assessed by computing incidence rate (IR), odds ratio (OR), and proportion analysis.ResultsThe results indicated that COVID-19 caused an exponential growth in mortality. In patients over the age of 50, the mortality rate was found to be very high, ~80%. Moreover, based on the estimation of OR, it can be inferred that age and various preexisting comorbidities were found to be predictors of severe COVID-19 outcomes. The strongest risk factors for COVID-19 mortality were preexisting comorbidities like diabetes (OR: 2.39; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.31–2.47; p < 0.0001), hypertension (OR: 2.31; 95% CI: 2.23–2.39; p < 0.0001), and heart disease (OR: 2.19; 95% CI: 2.08–2.30; p < 0.0001). The proportion of fatal cases among patients positive for COVID-19 increased with the number of comorbidities.ConclusionThis study concluded that elderly patients with preexisting comorbidities were at an increased risk of COVID-19 mortality. Patients in the elderly age group with underlying medical conditions are recommended for preventive medical care or medical resources and vaccination against COVID-19.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1027312/fullCOVID-19comorbidityodd ratiohypertensionepidemiology |
| spellingShingle | Priya Singh Yogendra Bhaskar Pulkit Verma Shweta Rana Prabudh Goel Sujeet Kumar Krushna Chandra Gouda Harpreet Singh Impact of comorbidity on patients with COVID-19 in India: A nationwide analysis Frontiers in Public Health COVID-19 comorbidity odd ratio hypertension epidemiology |
| title | Impact of comorbidity on patients with COVID-19 in India: A nationwide analysis |
| title_full | Impact of comorbidity on patients with COVID-19 in India: A nationwide analysis |
| title_fullStr | Impact of comorbidity on patients with COVID-19 in India: A nationwide analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of comorbidity on patients with COVID-19 in India: A nationwide analysis |
| title_short | Impact of comorbidity on patients with COVID-19 in India: A nationwide analysis |
| title_sort | impact of comorbidity on patients with covid 19 in india a nationwide analysis |
| topic | COVID-19 comorbidity odd ratio hypertension epidemiology |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1027312/full |
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