PD-L1 Expression in High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Is Influenced by Intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) Therapy
In the expanding landscape of immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) in high-risk (HR) non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), the role of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) as prognostic and predictive is increasingly significant. However, data evaluating its variability and susceptibility to Bacill...
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/16/7/1356 |
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| author | Moritz Maas Andreas Hilsendecker Alexandra Pertoll Viktoria Stühler Simon Walz Steffen Rausch Arnulf Stenzl Igor Tsaur Jörg Hennenlotter Stefan Aufderklamm |
| author_facet | Moritz Maas Andreas Hilsendecker Alexandra Pertoll Viktoria Stühler Simon Walz Steffen Rausch Arnulf Stenzl Igor Tsaur Jörg Hennenlotter Stefan Aufderklamm |
| author_sort | Moritz Maas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the expanding landscape of immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) in high-risk (HR) non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), the role of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) as prognostic and predictive is increasingly significant. However, data evaluating its variability and susceptibility to Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) therapy in HR NMIBC patients is scarce. This retrospective study analyzed 126 HR NMIBC tissue samples from 63 patients (38× BCG-treated, 25× BCG-naïve) at two time points to assess PD-L1 expression using the ‘combined positivity score’ (CPS) with the 22C3 DAKO antibody method and correlated it with clinicopathological parameters. A CPS > 10 defined PD-L1 positivity. The impact of initial PD-L1 status and its change over time on time-to-recurrence, progression-free survival, and overall survival (TTR, PFS, OS) was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard models. BCG treatment significantly increased PD-L1 expression (5.31 vs. 0.22, <i>p</i> = 0.0423), with PD-L1 positive cases rising post-treatment in the BCG group and remaining unchanged in BCG-naïve patients. Multivariate analysis including T-stage, CIS, grading, tumor size, multifocality, age, and sex revealed a significant correlation between PD-L1 status change to positivity and improved TTR (<i>p</i> = 0.03). Our findings demonstrate a potential modulation of the PD-L1 status by an intravesical BCG therapy. However, its prognostic value appears limited. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:48:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d7bdad54e3ca4cbabf0c7ea531497219 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:48:18Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-d7bdad54e3ca4cbabf0c7ea5314972192024-04-12T13:16:07ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942024-03-01167135610.3390/cancers16071356PD-L1 Expression in High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Is Influenced by Intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) TherapyMoritz Maas0Andreas Hilsendecker1Alexandra Pertoll2Viktoria Stühler3Simon Walz4Steffen Rausch5Arnulf Stenzl6Igor Tsaur7Jörg Hennenlotter8Stefan Aufderklamm9Department of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, GermanyDepartment of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, GermanyDepartment of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, GermanyDepartment of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, GermanyDepartment of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, GermanyDepartment of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, GermanyDepartment of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, GermanyDepartment of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, GermanyDepartment of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, GermanyDepartment of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, GermanyIn the expanding landscape of immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) in high-risk (HR) non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), the role of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) as prognostic and predictive is increasingly significant. However, data evaluating its variability and susceptibility to Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) therapy in HR NMIBC patients is scarce. This retrospective study analyzed 126 HR NMIBC tissue samples from 63 patients (38× BCG-treated, 25× BCG-naïve) at two time points to assess PD-L1 expression using the ‘combined positivity score’ (CPS) with the 22C3 DAKO antibody method and correlated it with clinicopathological parameters. A CPS > 10 defined PD-L1 positivity. The impact of initial PD-L1 status and its change over time on time-to-recurrence, progression-free survival, and overall survival (TTR, PFS, OS) was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard models. BCG treatment significantly increased PD-L1 expression (5.31 vs. 0.22, <i>p</i> = 0.0423), with PD-L1 positive cases rising post-treatment in the BCG group and remaining unchanged in BCG-naïve patients. Multivariate analysis including T-stage, CIS, grading, tumor size, multifocality, age, and sex revealed a significant correlation between PD-L1 status change to positivity and improved TTR (<i>p</i> = 0.03). Our findings demonstrate a potential modulation of the PD-L1 status by an intravesical BCG therapy. However, its prognostic value appears limited.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/16/7/1356bladder cancernon-muscle-invasive bladder cancerimmunotherapyBCGbiomarker |
| spellingShingle | Moritz Maas Andreas Hilsendecker Alexandra Pertoll Viktoria Stühler Simon Walz Steffen Rausch Arnulf Stenzl Igor Tsaur Jörg Hennenlotter Stefan Aufderklamm PD-L1 Expression in High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Is Influenced by Intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) Therapy Cancers bladder cancer non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer immunotherapy BCG biomarker |
| title | PD-L1 Expression in High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Is Influenced by Intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) Therapy |
| title_full | PD-L1 Expression in High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Is Influenced by Intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) Therapy |
| title_fullStr | PD-L1 Expression in High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Is Influenced by Intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) Therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | PD-L1 Expression in High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Is Influenced by Intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) Therapy |
| title_short | PD-L1 Expression in High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Is Influenced by Intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) Therapy |
| title_sort | pd l1 expression in high risk non muscle invasive bladder cancer is influenced by intravesical bacillus calmette guerin bcg therapy |
| topic | bladder cancer non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer immunotherapy BCG biomarker |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/16/7/1356 |
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