TGFβ/BMP Signaling Pathway in Cartilage Homeostasis
Cartilage homeostasis is governed by articular chondrocytes via their ability to modulate extracellular matrix production and degradation. In turn, chondrocyte activity is regulated by growth factors such as those of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family. Members of this f...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-08-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/9/969 |
| _version_ | 1797706546371624960 |
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| author | Nathalie G.M. Thielen Peter M. van der Kraan Arjan P.M. van Caam |
| author_facet | Nathalie G.M. Thielen Peter M. van der Kraan Arjan P.M. van Caam |
| author_sort | Nathalie G.M. Thielen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cartilage homeostasis is governed by articular chondrocytes via their ability to modulate extracellular matrix production and degradation. In turn, chondrocyte activity is regulated by growth factors such as those of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family. Members of this family include the TGFβs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and growth and differentiation factors (GDFs). Signaling by this protein family uniquely activates SMAD-dependent signaling and transcription but also activates SMAD-independent signaling via MAPKs such as ERK and TAK1. This review will address the pivotal role of the TGFβ family in cartilage biology by listing several TGFβ family members and describing their signaling and importance for cartilage maintenance. In addition, it is discussed how (pathological) processes such as aging, mechanical stress, and inflammation contribute to altered TGFβ family signaling, leading to disturbed cartilage metabolism and disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T05:53:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d7c2efe657924198bbf98665c3c64e60 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T05:53:55Z |
| publishDate | 2019-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-d7c2efe657924198bbf98665c3c64e602023-09-03T04:54:40ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092019-08-018996910.3390/cells8090969cells8090969TGFβ/BMP Signaling Pathway in Cartilage HomeostasisNathalie G.M. Thielen0Peter M. van der Kraan1Arjan P.M. van Caam2Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The NetherlandsExperimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The NetherlandsExperimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The NetherlandsCartilage homeostasis is governed by articular chondrocytes via their ability to modulate extracellular matrix production and degradation. In turn, chondrocyte activity is regulated by growth factors such as those of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family. Members of this family include the TGFβs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and growth and differentiation factors (GDFs). Signaling by this protein family uniquely activates SMAD-dependent signaling and transcription but also activates SMAD-independent signaling via MAPKs such as ERK and TAK1. This review will address the pivotal role of the TGFβ family in cartilage biology by listing several TGFβ family members and describing their signaling and importance for cartilage maintenance. In addition, it is discussed how (pathological) processes such as aging, mechanical stress, and inflammation contribute to altered TGFβ family signaling, leading to disturbed cartilage metabolism and disease.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/9/969transforming growth factor βbone morphogenetic proteinsosteoarthritiscartilageSMADsagingjoint loadinginflammationlinker modifications |
| spellingShingle | Nathalie G.M. Thielen Peter M. van der Kraan Arjan P.M. van Caam TGFβ/BMP Signaling Pathway in Cartilage Homeostasis Cells transforming growth factor β bone morphogenetic proteins osteoarthritis cartilage SMADs aging joint loading inflammation linker modifications |
| title | TGFβ/BMP Signaling Pathway in Cartilage Homeostasis |
| title_full | TGFβ/BMP Signaling Pathway in Cartilage Homeostasis |
| title_fullStr | TGFβ/BMP Signaling Pathway in Cartilage Homeostasis |
| title_full_unstemmed | TGFβ/BMP Signaling Pathway in Cartilage Homeostasis |
| title_short | TGFβ/BMP Signaling Pathway in Cartilage Homeostasis |
| title_sort | tgfβ bmp signaling pathway in cartilage homeostasis |
| topic | transforming growth factor β bone morphogenetic proteins osteoarthritis cartilage SMADs aging joint loading inflammation linker modifications |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/9/969 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nathaliegmthielen tgfbbmpsignalingpathwayincartilagehomeostasis AT petermvanderkraan tgfbbmpsignalingpathwayincartilagehomeostasis AT arjanpmvancaam tgfbbmpsignalingpathwayincartilagehomeostasis |