Effects of <i>Azorhizobium caulinodans</i> and <i>Piriformospora indica</i> Co-Inoculation on Growth and Fruit Quality of Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) under Salt Stress
Salt stress is a worldwide environmental signal, reducing the growth and yield of crops. To improve crop tolerance to salt, several beneficial microbes are utilized. Here, nitrogen-fixing bacterium <i>Azorhizobium caulinodans</i> and root endophytic fungus <i>Piriformospora indica&...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/4/302 |
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| author | Zhiwen Xu Necla Pehlivan Abazar Ghorbani Chu Wu |
| author_facet | Zhiwen Xu Necla Pehlivan Abazar Ghorbani Chu Wu |
| author_sort | Zhiwen Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Salt stress is a worldwide environmental signal, reducing the growth and yield of crops. To improve crop tolerance to salt, several beneficial microbes are utilized. Here, nitrogen-fixing bacterium <i>Azorhizobium caulinodans</i> and root endophytic fungus <i>Piriformospora indica</i> were used to inoculate tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) under salt stress, and the effects of the co-inoculation were investigated. Results showed that <i>A. caulinodans</i> colonized in the intercellular space in stems and roots of tomato plants, while <i>P. indica</i> colonized in the root cortex. Two weeks following salt treatment, co-inoculated tomato plants grew substantially taller and had larger stem base diameters. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and reduced and oxidized ascorbate and glutathione (i.e., AsA, DHA, GSH, and GSSG, respectively) concentrations along with the ratios of AsA/(AsA + DHA) and GSH/(GSH + GSSG) increased in the leaves of co-inoculated plants under salt stress. The co-inoculation significantly increased soluble proteins and AsA in fruits; however, concentrations of soluble sugars and proanthocyanins did not show significant changes, compared with NaCl only treatment. Data suggest that <i>A. caulinodans</i> and <i>P. indica</i> co-inoculation boosted tomato growth and improved the quality of tomato fruits under salt stress. O-inoculation of <i>A. caulinodans</i> and <i>P. indica</i> might be employed to enhance tomato plant salt tolerance. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:35:28Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-d7cb8cbf67b741c28f4793459d10b7b52023-11-30T21:12:51ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242022-04-018430210.3390/horticulturae8040302Effects of <i>Azorhizobium caulinodans</i> and <i>Piriformospora indica</i> Co-Inoculation on Growth and Fruit Quality of Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) under Salt StressZhiwen Xu0Necla Pehlivan1Abazar Ghorbani2Chu Wu3College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, ChinaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize 53100, TurkeyCollege of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, ChinaSalt stress is a worldwide environmental signal, reducing the growth and yield of crops. To improve crop tolerance to salt, several beneficial microbes are utilized. Here, nitrogen-fixing bacterium <i>Azorhizobium caulinodans</i> and root endophytic fungus <i>Piriformospora indica</i> were used to inoculate tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) under salt stress, and the effects of the co-inoculation were investigated. Results showed that <i>A. caulinodans</i> colonized in the intercellular space in stems and roots of tomato plants, while <i>P. indica</i> colonized in the root cortex. Two weeks following salt treatment, co-inoculated tomato plants grew substantially taller and had larger stem base diameters. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and reduced and oxidized ascorbate and glutathione (i.e., AsA, DHA, GSH, and GSSG, respectively) concentrations along with the ratios of AsA/(AsA + DHA) and GSH/(GSH + GSSG) increased in the leaves of co-inoculated plants under salt stress. The co-inoculation significantly increased soluble proteins and AsA in fruits; however, concentrations of soluble sugars and proanthocyanins did not show significant changes, compared with NaCl only treatment. Data suggest that <i>A. caulinodans</i> and <i>P. indica</i> co-inoculation boosted tomato growth and improved the quality of tomato fruits under salt stress. O-inoculation of <i>A. caulinodans</i> and <i>P. indica</i> might be employed to enhance tomato plant salt tolerance.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/4/302tomato<i>Azorhizobium caulinodans</i><i>Piriformospora indica</i>salt stressgrowthfruit quality |
| spellingShingle | Zhiwen Xu Necla Pehlivan Abazar Ghorbani Chu Wu Effects of <i>Azorhizobium caulinodans</i> and <i>Piriformospora indica</i> Co-Inoculation on Growth and Fruit Quality of Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) under Salt Stress Horticulturae tomato <i>Azorhizobium caulinodans</i> <i>Piriformospora indica</i> salt stress growth fruit quality |
| title | Effects of <i>Azorhizobium caulinodans</i> and <i>Piriformospora indica</i> Co-Inoculation on Growth and Fruit Quality of Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) under Salt Stress |
| title_full | Effects of <i>Azorhizobium caulinodans</i> and <i>Piriformospora indica</i> Co-Inoculation on Growth and Fruit Quality of Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) under Salt Stress |
| title_fullStr | Effects of <i>Azorhizobium caulinodans</i> and <i>Piriformospora indica</i> Co-Inoculation on Growth and Fruit Quality of Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) under Salt Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of <i>Azorhizobium caulinodans</i> and <i>Piriformospora indica</i> Co-Inoculation on Growth and Fruit Quality of Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) under Salt Stress |
| title_short | Effects of <i>Azorhizobium caulinodans</i> and <i>Piriformospora indica</i> Co-Inoculation on Growth and Fruit Quality of Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) under Salt Stress |
| title_sort | effects of i azorhizobium caulinodans i and i piriformospora indica i co inoculation on growth and fruit quality of tomato i solanum lycopersicum i l under salt stress |
| topic | tomato <i>Azorhizobium caulinodans</i> <i>Piriformospora indica</i> salt stress growth fruit quality |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/4/302 |
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