Role of Vitamin K in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Focus on Bone and Cardiovascular Health
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is commonly associated with vitamin K deficiency. Some of the serious complications of CKD are represented by cardiovascular disease (CVD) and skeletal fragility with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. A complex pathogenetic link between hormonal and ionic dis...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-05-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/9/5282 |
| _version_ | 1797504311079469056 |
|---|---|
| author | Federica Bellone Maria Cinquegrani Ramona Nicotera Nazareno Carullo Alessandro Casarella Pierangela Presta Michele Andreucci Giovanni Squadrito Giuseppe Mandraffino Marcello Prunestì Cristina Vocca Giovambattista De Sarro Davide Bolignano Giuseppe Coppolino |
| author_facet | Federica Bellone Maria Cinquegrani Ramona Nicotera Nazareno Carullo Alessandro Casarella Pierangela Presta Michele Andreucci Giovanni Squadrito Giuseppe Mandraffino Marcello Prunestì Cristina Vocca Giovambattista De Sarro Davide Bolignano Giuseppe Coppolino |
| author_sort | Federica Bellone |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is commonly associated with vitamin K deficiency. Some of the serious complications of CKD are represented by cardiovascular disease (CVD) and skeletal fragility with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. A complex pathogenetic link between hormonal and ionic disturbances, bone tissue and metabolism alterations, and vascular calcification (VC) exists and has been defined as chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Poor vitamin K status seems to have a key role in the progression of CKD, but also in the onset and advance of both bone and cardiovascular complications. Three forms of vitamin K are currently known: vitamin K1 (phylloquinone), vitamin K2 (menaquinone), and vitamin K3 (menadione). Vitamin K plays different roles, including in activating vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs) and in modulating bone metabolism and contributing to the inhibition of VC. This review focuses on the biochemical and functional characteristics of vitamin K vitamers, suggesting this nutrient as a possible marker of kidney, CV, and bone damage in the CKD population and exploring its potential use for promoting health in this clinical setting. Treatment strategies for CKD-associated osteoporosis and CV disease should include vitamin K supplementation. However, further randomized clinical studies are needed to assess the safety and the adequate dosage to prevent these CKD complications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:02:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d7cea23dfd754139b3d6fb28169b2fab |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:02:49Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-d7cea23dfd754139b3d6fb28169b2fab2023-11-23T08:29:46ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-05-01239528210.3390/ijms23095282Role of Vitamin K in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Focus on Bone and Cardiovascular HealthFederica Bellone0Maria Cinquegrani1Ramona Nicotera2Nazareno Carullo3Alessandro Casarella4Pierangela Presta5Michele Andreucci6Giovanni Squadrito7Giuseppe Mandraffino8Marcello Prunestì9Cristina Vocca10Giovambattista De Sarro11Davide Bolignano12Giuseppe Coppolino13Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, I-98100 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, I-98100 Messina, ItalyAzienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Catanzaro, I-88100 Catanzaro, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University, I-88100 Catanzaro, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University, I-88100 Catanzaro, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University, I-88100 Catanzaro, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University, I-88100 Catanzaro, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, I-98100 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, I-98100 Messina, ItalyAzienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Catanzaro, I-88100 Catanzaro, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University, I-88100 Catanzaro, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University, I-88100 Catanzaro, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University, I-88100 Catanzaro, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University, I-88100 Catanzaro, ItalyChronic kidney disease (CKD) is commonly associated with vitamin K deficiency. Some of the serious complications of CKD are represented by cardiovascular disease (CVD) and skeletal fragility with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. A complex pathogenetic link between hormonal and ionic disturbances, bone tissue and metabolism alterations, and vascular calcification (VC) exists and has been defined as chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Poor vitamin K status seems to have a key role in the progression of CKD, but also in the onset and advance of both bone and cardiovascular complications. Three forms of vitamin K are currently known: vitamin K1 (phylloquinone), vitamin K2 (menaquinone), and vitamin K3 (menadione). Vitamin K plays different roles, including in activating vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs) and in modulating bone metabolism and contributing to the inhibition of VC. This review focuses on the biochemical and functional characteristics of vitamin K vitamers, suggesting this nutrient as a possible marker of kidney, CV, and bone damage in the CKD population and exploring its potential use for promoting health in this clinical setting. Treatment strategies for CKD-associated osteoporosis and CV disease should include vitamin K supplementation. However, further randomized clinical studies are needed to assess the safety and the adequate dosage to prevent these CKD complications.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/9/5282kidneyvitamin Kphylloquinonemenaquinonecardiovascular diseasecalcification |
| spellingShingle | Federica Bellone Maria Cinquegrani Ramona Nicotera Nazareno Carullo Alessandro Casarella Pierangela Presta Michele Andreucci Giovanni Squadrito Giuseppe Mandraffino Marcello Prunestì Cristina Vocca Giovambattista De Sarro Davide Bolignano Giuseppe Coppolino Role of Vitamin K in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Focus on Bone and Cardiovascular Health International Journal of Molecular Sciences kidney vitamin K phylloquinone menaquinone cardiovascular disease calcification |
| title | Role of Vitamin K in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Focus on Bone and Cardiovascular Health |
| title_full | Role of Vitamin K in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Focus on Bone and Cardiovascular Health |
| title_fullStr | Role of Vitamin K in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Focus on Bone and Cardiovascular Health |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of Vitamin K in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Focus on Bone and Cardiovascular Health |
| title_short | Role of Vitamin K in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Focus on Bone and Cardiovascular Health |
| title_sort | role of vitamin k in chronic kidney disease a focus on bone and cardiovascular health |
| topic | kidney vitamin K phylloquinone menaquinone cardiovascular disease calcification |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/9/5282 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT federicabellone roleofvitaminkinchronickidneydiseaseafocusonboneandcardiovascularhealth AT mariacinquegrani roleofvitaminkinchronickidneydiseaseafocusonboneandcardiovascularhealth AT ramonanicotera roleofvitaminkinchronickidneydiseaseafocusonboneandcardiovascularhealth AT nazarenocarullo roleofvitaminkinchronickidneydiseaseafocusonboneandcardiovascularhealth AT alessandrocasarella roleofvitaminkinchronickidneydiseaseafocusonboneandcardiovascularhealth AT pierangelapresta roleofvitaminkinchronickidneydiseaseafocusonboneandcardiovascularhealth AT micheleandreucci roleofvitaminkinchronickidneydiseaseafocusonboneandcardiovascularhealth AT giovannisquadrito roleofvitaminkinchronickidneydiseaseafocusonboneandcardiovascularhealth AT giuseppemandraffino roleofvitaminkinchronickidneydiseaseafocusonboneandcardiovascularhealth AT marcelloprunesti roleofvitaminkinchronickidneydiseaseafocusonboneandcardiovascularhealth AT cristinavocca roleofvitaminkinchronickidneydiseaseafocusonboneandcardiovascularhealth AT giovambattistadesarro roleofvitaminkinchronickidneydiseaseafocusonboneandcardiovascularhealth AT davidebolignano roleofvitaminkinchronickidneydiseaseafocusonboneandcardiovascularhealth AT giuseppecoppolino roleofvitaminkinchronickidneydiseaseafocusonboneandcardiovascularhealth |