Synthesis and Functionalization of Graphene Materials for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives
Abstract Since its discovery in 2004, graphene is increasingly applied in various fields owing to its unique properties. Graphene application in the biomedical domain is promising and intriguing as an emerging 2D material with a high surface area, good mechanical properties, and unrivalled electroni...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Advanced Science |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202205292 |
| _version_ | 1797860847504064512 |
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| author | Yuqin Xiao Yoong Xin Pang Yuxin Yan Ping Qian Haitao Zhao Sivakumar Manickam Tao Wu Cheng Heng Pang |
| author_facet | Yuqin Xiao Yoong Xin Pang Yuxin Yan Ping Qian Haitao Zhao Sivakumar Manickam Tao Wu Cheng Heng Pang |
| author_sort | Yuqin Xiao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Since its discovery in 2004, graphene is increasingly applied in various fields owing to its unique properties. Graphene application in the biomedical domain is promising and intriguing as an emerging 2D material with a high surface area, good mechanical properties, and unrivalled electronic and physical properties. This review summarizes six typical synthesis methods to fabricate pristine graphene (p‐G), graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), followed by characterization techniques to examine the obtained graphene materials. As bare graphene is generally undesirable in vivo and in vitro, functionalization methods to reduce toxicity, increase biocompatibility, and provide more functionalities are demonstrated. Subsequently, in vivo and in vitro behaviors of various bare and functionalized graphene materials are discussed to evaluate the functionalization effects. Reasonable control of dose (<20 mg kg−1), sizes (50–1000 nm), and functionalization methods for in vivo application are advantageous. Then, the key biomedical applications based on graphene materials are discussed, coupled with the current challenges and outlooks of this growing field. In a broader sense, this review provides a comprehensive discussion on the synthesis, characterization, functionalization, evaluation, and application of p‐G, GO, and rGO in the biomedical field, highlighting their recent advances and potential. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T21:53:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d7d050e915774ce293d8aba1f094d281 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2198-3844 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T21:53:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advanced Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-d7d050e915774ce293d8aba1f094d2812023-03-24T12:30:04ZengWileyAdvanced Science2198-38442023-03-01109n/an/a10.1002/advs.202205292Synthesis and Functionalization of Graphene Materials for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances, Challenges, and PerspectivesYuqin Xiao0Yoong Xin Pang1Yuxin Yan2Ping Qian3Haitao Zhao4Sivakumar Manickam5Tao Wu6Cheng Heng Pang7Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo 315100 P. R. ChinaDepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo 315100 P. R. ChinaCollege of Energy Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 P. R. ChinaBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing 100083 P. R. ChinaMaterials Interfaces Center Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. ChinaPetroleum and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410 Brunei DarussalamNew Materials Institute University of Nottingham Ningbo 315100 P. R. ChinaDepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo 315100 P. R. ChinaAbstract Since its discovery in 2004, graphene is increasingly applied in various fields owing to its unique properties. Graphene application in the biomedical domain is promising and intriguing as an emerging 2D material with a high surface area, good mechanical properties, and unrivalled electronic and physical properties. This review summarizes six typical synthesis methods to fabricate pristine graphene (p‐G), graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), followed by characterization techniques to examine the obtained graphene materials. As bare graphene is generally undesirable in vivo and in vitro, functionalization methods to reduce toxicity, increase biocompatibility, and provide more functionalities are demonstrated. Subsequently, in vivo and in vitro behaviors of various bare and functionalized graphene materials are discussed to evaluate the functionalization effects. Reasonable control of dose (<20 mg kg−1), sizes (50–1000 nm), and functionalization methods for in vivo application are advantageous. Then, the key biomedical applications based on graphene materials are discussed, coupled with the current challenges and outlooks of this growing field. In a broader sense, this review provides a comprehensive discussion on the synthesis, characterization, functionalization, evaluation, and application of p‐G, GO, and rGO in the biomedical field, highlighting their recent advances and potential.https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202205292biocompatibilitycharacterization techniquesfunctionalization processgraphene‐based materialssynthesis methods |
| spellingShingle | Yuqin Xiao Yoong Xin Pang Yuxin Yan Ping Qian Haitao Zhao Sivakumar Manickam Tao Wu Cheng Heng Pang Synthesis and Functionalization of Graphene Materials for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives Advanced Science biocompatibility characterization techniques functionalization process graphene‐based materials synthesis methods |
| title | Synthesis and Functionalization of Graphene Materials for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives |
| title_full | Synthesis and Functionalization of Graphene Materials for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis and Functionalization of Graphene Materials for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis and Functionalization of Graphene Materials for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives |
| title_short | Synthesis and Functionalization of Graphene Materials for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives |
| title_sort | synthesis and functionalization of graphene materials for biomedical applications recent advances challenges and perspectives |
| topic | biocompatibility characterization techniques functionalization process graphene‐based materials synthesis methods |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202205292 |
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