Identification of Fatty Acid, Lipid and Polyphenol Compounds from <i>Prunus armeniaca</i> L. Kernel Extracts
Apart from its essential oil, <i>Prunus armeniaca</i> L. kernel extract has received only scarce attention. The present study aimed to describe the lipid and polyphenolic composition of the dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts on the basis of hot extraction, p...
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/9/7/896 |
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| author | Soukaina Hrichi Francesca Rigano Raja Chaabane-Banaoues Yassine Oulad El Majdoub Domenica Mangraviti Davide Di Marco Hamouda Babba Paola Dugo Luigi Mondello Zine Mighri Francesco Cacciola |
| author_facet | Soukaina Hrichi Francesca Rigano Raja Chaabane-Banaoues Yassine Oulad El Majdoub Domenica Mangraviti Davide Di Marco Hamouda Babba Paola Dugo Luigi Mondello Zine Mighri Francesco Cacciola |
| author_sort | Soukaina Hrichi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Apart from its essential oil, <i>Prunus armeniaca</i> L. kernel extract has received only scarce attention. The present study aimed to describe the lipid and polyphenolic composition of the dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts on the basis of hot extraction, performing analysis by gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. A total of 6 diacylglycerols (DAGs) and 18 triacylglycerols (TAGs) were detected as being present in all extracts, with the predominance of OLL (dilinoleyl-olein), OOL (dioleoyl-linolein), and OOO (triolein), with percentages ranging from 19.0–32.8%, 20.3–23.6%, and 12.1–20.1%, respectively. In further detail, the extraction with ethyl acetate (medium polarity solvent) gave the highest signal for all peaks, followed by chloroform and dichloromethane (more apolar solvent), while the extraction with ethanol (polar solvent) was the least efficient. Ethanol showed very poor signal for the most saturated TAGs, while dichloromethane showed the lowest percentages of DAGs. Accordingly, the screening of the total fatty acid composition revealed the lowest percentage of linoleic acid (C18:2n6) in the dichloromethane extract, which instead contained the highest amount (greater than 60%) of oleic acid (C18:1n9). Polyphenolic compounds with pharmacological effects (anti-tumor, anti-coagulant, and inflammatory), such as coumarin derivative and amygdalin, occurred at a higher amount in ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:37:56Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:37:56Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-d7d1a84db6334992b2804fab89c1a9a42023-11-20T06:07:49ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582020-07-019789610.3390/foods9070896Identification of Fatty Acid, Lipid and Polyphenol Compounds from <i>Prunus armeniaca</i> L. Kernel ExtractsSoukaina Hrichi0Francesca Rigano1Raja Chaabane-Banaoues2Yassine Oulad El Majdoub3Domenica Mangraviti4Davide Di Marco5Hamouda Babba6Paola Dugo7Luigi Mondello8Zine Mighri9Francesco Cacciola10Laboratory of Physico-Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, TunisiaDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ItalyLaboratory of Medical and molecular Parasitology-Mycology (LP3M), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Department of Clinical Biology, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, TunisiaDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ItalyChromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ItalyLaboratory of Medical and molecular Parasitology-Mycology (LP3M), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Department of Clinical Biology, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, TunisiaDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ItalyLaboratory of Physico-Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, TunisiaDepartment of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ItalyApart from its essential oil, <i>Prunus armeniaca</i> L. kernel extract has received only scarce attention. The present study aimed to describe the lipid and polyphenolic composition of the dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts on the basis of hot extraction, performing analysis by gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. A total of 6 diacylglycerols (DAGs) and 18 triacylglycerols (TAGs) were detected as being present in all extracts, with the predominance of OLL (dilinoleyl-olein), OOL (dioleoyl-linolein), and OOO (triolein), with percentages ranging from 19.0–32.8%, 20.3–23.6%, and 12.1–20.1%, respectively. In further detail, the extraction with ethyl acetate (medium polarity solvent) gave the highest signal for all peaks, followed by chloroform and dichloromethane (more apolar solvent), while the extraction with ethanol (polar solvent) was the least efficient. Ethanol showed very poor signal for the most saturated TAGs, while dichloromethane showed the lowest percentages of DAGs. Accordingly, the screening of the total fatty acid composition revealed the lowest percentage of linoleic acid (C18:2n6) in the dichloromethane extract, which instead contained the highest amount (greater than 60%) of oleic acid (C18:1n9). Polyphenolic compounds with pharmacological effects (anti-tumor, anti-coagulant, and inflammatory), such as coumarin derivative and amygdalin, occurred at a higher amount in ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/9/7/896triacylglycerolsfatty acidspolyphenolic compounds<i>Prunus armenica</i> L.apricot kernel oilLC–MS |
| spellingShingle | Soukaina Hrichi Francesca Rigano Raja Chaabane-Banaoues Yassine Oulad El Majdoub Domenica Mangraviti Davide Di Marco Hamouda Babba Paola Dugo Luigi Mondello Zine Mighri Francesco Cacciola Identification of Fatty Acid, Lipid and Polyphenol Compounds from <i>Prunus armeniaca</i> L. Kernel Extracts Foods triacylglycerols fatty acids polyphenolic compounds <i>Prunus armenica</i> L. apricot kernel oil LC–MS |
| title | Identification of Fatty Acid, Lipid and Polyphenol Compounds from <i>Prunus armeniaca</i> L. Kernel Extracts |
| title_full | Identification of Fatty Acid, Lipid and Polyphenol Compounds from <i>Prunus armeniaca</i> L. Kernel Extracts |
| title_fullStr | Identification of Fatty Acid, Lipid and Polyphenol Compounds from <i>Prunus armeniaca</i> L. Kernel Extracts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification of Fatty Acid, Lipid and Polyphenol Compounds from <i>Prunus armeniaca</i> L. Kernel Extracts |
| title_short | Identification of Fatty Acid, Lipid and Polyphenol Compounds from <i>Prunus armeniaca</i> L. Kernel Extracts |
| title_sort | identification of fatty acid lipid and polyphenol compounds from i prunus armeniaca i l kernel extracts |
| topic | triacylglycerols fatty acids polyphenolic compounds <i>Prunus armenica</i> L. apricot kernel oil LC–MS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/9/7/896 |
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