A Bioinspired Artificial Injury Response System Based on a Robust Polymer Memristor to Mimic a Sense of Pain, Sign of Injury, and Healing
Abstract Flexible electronic skin with features that include sensing, processing, and responding to stimuli have transformed human–robot interactions. However, more advanced capabilities, such as human‐like self‐protection modalities with a sense of pain, sign of injury, and healing, are more challe...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Advanced Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202200629 |
| _version_ | 1828345600251265024 |
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| author | Xiaojie Xu En Ju Cho Logan Bekker A. Alec Talin Elaine Lee Andrew J. Pascall Marcus A. Worsley Jenny Zhou Caitlyn C. Cook Joshua D. Kuntz Seongkoo Cho Christine A. Orme |
| author_facet | Xiaojie Xu En Ju Cho Logan Bekker A. Alec Talin Elaine Lee Andrew J. Pascall Marcus A. Worsley Jenny Zhou Caitlyn C. Cook Joshua D. Kuntz Seongkoo Cho Christine A. Orme |
| author_sort | Xiaojie Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Flexible electronic skin with features that include sensing, processing, and responding to stimuli have transformed human–robot interactions. However, more advanced capabilities, such as human‐like self‐protection modalities with a sense of pain, sign of injury, and healing, are more challenging. Herein, a novel, flexible, and robust diffusive memristor based on a copolymer of chlorotrifluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride (FK‐800) as an artificial nociceptor (pain sensor) is reported. Devices composed of Ag/FK‐800/Pt have outstanding switching endurance >106 cycles, orders of magnitude higher than any other two‐terminal polymer/organic memristors in literature (typically 102–103 cycles). In situ conductive atomic force microscopy is employed to dynamically switch individual filaments, which demonstrates that conductive filaments correlate with polymer grain boundaries and FK‐800 has superior morphological stability under repeated switching cycles. It is hypothesized that the high thermal stability and high elasticity of FK‐800 contribute to the stability under local Joule heating associated with electrical switching. To mimic biological nociceptors, four signature nociceptive characteristics are demonstrated: threshold triggering, no adaptation, relaxation, and sensitization. Lastly, by integrating a triboelectric generator (artificial mechanoreceptor), memristor (artificial nociceptor), and light emitting diode (artificial bruise), the first bioinspired injury response system capable of sensing pain, showing signs of injury, and healing, is demonstrated. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T00:13:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d7d5d926a6774f6fb61d3ee2366c5d4d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2198-3844 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T00:13:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advanced Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-d7d5d926a6774f6fb61d3ee2366c5d4d2022-12-22T02:23:13ZengWileyAdvanced Science2198-38442022-05-01915n/an/a10.1002/advs.202200629A Bioinspired Artificial Injury Response System Based on a Robust Polymer Memristor to Mimic a Sense of Pain, Sign of Injury, and HealingXiaojie Xu0En Ju Cho1Logan Bekker2A. Alec Talin3Elaine Lee4Andrew J. Pascall5Marcus A. Worsley6Jenny Zhou7Caitlyn C. Cook8Joshua D. Kuntz9Seongkoo Cho10Christine A. Orme11Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East Avenue Livermore CA 94550 USALawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East Avenue Livermore CA 94550 USALawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East Avenue Livermore CA 94550 USASandia National Laboratories Livermore CA 94551 USALawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East Avenue Livermore CA 94550 USALawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East Avenue Livermore CA 94550 USALawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East Avenue Livermore CA 94550 USALawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East Avenue Livermore CA 94550 USALawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East Avenue Livermore CA 94550 USALawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East Avenue Livermore CA 94550 USALawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East Avenue Livermore CA 94550 USALawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East Avenue Livermore CA 94550 USAAbstract Flexible electronic skin with features that include sensing, processing, and responding to stimuli have transformed human–robot interactions. However, more advanced capabilities, such as human‐like self‐protection modalities with a sense of pain, sign of injury, and healing, are more challenging. Herein, a novel, flexible, and robust diffusive memristor based on a copolymer of chlorotrifluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride (FK‐800) as an artificial nociceptor (pain sensor) is reported. Devices composed of Ag/FK‐800/Pt have outstanding switching endurance >106 cycles, orders of magnitude higher than any other two‐terminal polymer/organic memristors in literature (typically 102–103 cycles). In situ conductive atomic force microscopy is employed to dynamically switch individual filaments, which demonstrates that conductive filaments correlate with polymer grain boundaries and FK‐800 has superior morphological stability under repeated switching cycles. It is hypothesized that the high thermal stability and high elasticity of FK‐800 contribute to the stability under local Joule heating associated with electrical switching. To mimic biological nociceptors, four signature nociceptive characteristics are demonstrated: threshold triggering, no adaptation, relaxation, and sensitization. Lastly, by integrating a triboelectric generator (artificial mechanoreceptor), memristor (artificial nociceptor), and light emitting diode (artificial bruise), the first bioinspired injury response system capable of sensing pain, showing signs of injury, and healing, is demonstrated.https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202200629artificial nociceptorelectronic skinFK‐800flexible memristormemristor |
| spellingShingle | Xiaojie Xu En Ju Cho Logan Bekker A. Alec Talin Elaine Lee Andrew J. Pascall Marcus A. Worsley Jenny Zhou Caitlyn C. Cook Joshua D. Kuntz Seongkoo Cho Christine A. Orme A Bioinspired Artificial Injury Response System Based on a Robust Polymer Memristor to Mimic a Sense of Pain, Sign of Injury, and Healing Advanced Science artificial nociceptor electronic skin FK‐800 flexible memristor memristor |
| title | A Bioinspired Artificial Injury Response System Based on a Robust Polymer Memristor to Mimic a Sense of Pain, Sign of Injury, and Healing |
| title_full | A Bioinspired Artificial Injury Response System Based on a Robust Polymer Memristor to Mimic a Sense of Pain, Sign of Injury, and Healing |
| title_fullStr | A Bioinspired Artificial Injury Response System Based on a Robust Polymer Memristor to Mimic a Sense of Pain, Sign of Injury, and Healing |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Bioinspired Artificial Injury Response System Based on a Robust Polymer Memristor to Mimic a Sense of Pain, Sign of Injury, and Healing |
| title_short | A Bioinspired Artificial Injury Response System Based on a Robust Polymer Memristor to Mimic a Sense of Pain, Sign of Injury, and Healing |
| title_sort | bioinspired artificial injury response system based on a robust polymer memristor to mimic a sense of pain sign of injury and healing |
| topic | artificial nociceptor electronic skin FK‐800 flexible memristor memristor |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202200629 |
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