Sustained Endurance Training Leads to Metabolomic Adaptation
Endurance training induces several adaptations in substrate metabolism, especially in relation to glycogen conservation. The study aimed to investigate differences in the metabolism of lipids, lipid-like substances, and amino acids between highly trained and untrained subjects using targeted metabol...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/7/658 |
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| author | Astrid Weiss Katharina Alack Stephan Klatt Sven Zukunft Ralph Schermuly Torsten Frech Frank-Christoph Mooren Karsten Krüger |
| author_facet | Astrid Weiss Katharina Alack Stephan Klatt Sven Zukunft Ralph Schermuly Torsten Frech Frank-Christoph Mooren Karsten Krüger |
| author_sort | Astrid Weiss |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Endurance training induces several adaptations in substrate metabolism, especially in relation to glycogen conservation. The study aimed to investigate differences in the metabolism of lipids, lipid-like substances, and amino acids between highly trained and untrained subjects using targeted metabolomics. Depending on their maximum relative oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2max</sub>), subjects were categorized as either endurance-trained (ET) or untrained (UT). Resting blood was taken and plasma isolated. It was screened for changes of 345 metabolites, including amino acids and biogenic amines, acylcarnitines, glycerophosphocholines (GPCs), sphingolipids, hexoses, bile acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) by using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Acylcarnitine (C14:1, down in ET) and five GPCs (lysoPC a C18:2, up in ET; PC aa C42:0, up in ET; PC ae C38:2, up in ET; PC aa C38:5, down in ET; lysoPC a C26:0, down in ET) were differently regulated in ET compared to UT. TCDCA was down-regulated in athletes, while for three ratios of bile acids CA/CDCA, CA/(GCA+TCA), and DCA/(GDCA+TDCA) an up-regulation was found. TXB2 and 5,6-EET were down-regulated in the ET group and 18S-HEPE, a PUFA, showed higher levels in 18S-HEPE in endurance-trained subjects. For PC ae C38:2, TCDCA, and the ratio of cholic acid to chenodeoxycholic acid, an association with VO<sub>2max</sub> was found. Numerous phospholipids, acylcarnitines, glycerophosphocholines, bile acids, and PUFAs are present in varying concentrations at rest in ET. These results might represent an adaptation of lipid metabolism and account for the lowered cardiovascular risk profile of endurance athletes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:23:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d7d99226df384abd91f67ed898531713 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:23:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-d7d99226df384abd91f67ed8985317132023-11-30T21:27:31ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892022-07-0112765810.3390/metabo12070658Sustained Endurance Training Leads to Metabolomic AdaptationAstrid Weiss0Katharina Alack1Stephan Klatt2Sven Zukunft3Ralph Schermuly4Torsten Frech5Frank-Christoph Mooren6Karsten Krüger7German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig-University, 35390 Giessen, GermanyCenter for Translational and Clinical Research Aachen, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, GermanyInstitute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyInstitute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyGerman Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig-University, 35390 Giessen, GermanyDepartment of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, 35390 Giessen, GermanyFaculty of Health/School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, 58448 Witten, GermanyDepartment of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, 35390 Giessen, GermanyEndurance training induces several adaptations in substrate metabolism, especially in relation to glycogen conservation. The study aimed to investigate differences in the metabolism of lipids, lipid-like substances, and amino acids between highly trained and untrained subjects using targeted metabolomics. Depending on their maximum relative oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2max</sub>), subjects were categorized as either endurance-trained (ET) or untrained (UT). Resting blood was taken and plasma isolated. It was screened for changes of 345 metabolites, including amino acids and biogenic amines, acylcarnitines, glycerophosphocholines (GPCs), sphingolipids, hexoses, bile acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) by using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Acylcarnitine (C14:1, down in ET) and five GPCs (lysoPC a C18:2, up in ET; PC aa C42:0, up in ET; PC ae C38:2, up in ET; PC aa C38:5, down in ET; lysoPC a C26:0, down in ET) were differently regulated in ET compared to UT. TCDCA was down-regulated in athletes, while for three ratios of bile acids CA/CDCA, CA/(GCA+TCA), and DCA/(GDCA+TDCA) an up-regulation was found. TXB2 and 5,6-EET were down-regulated in the ET group and 18S-HEPE, a PUFA, showed higher levels in 18S-HEPE in endurance-trained subjects. For PC ae C38:2, TCDCA, and the ratio of cholic acid to chenodeoxycholic acid, an association with VO<sub>2max</sub> was found. Numerous phospholipids, acylcarnitines, glycerophosphocholines, bile acids, and PUFAs are present in varying concentrations at rest in ET. These results might represent an adaptation of lipid metabolism and account for the lowered cardiovascular risk profile of endurance athletes.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/7/658glycerophosphocholinescardiopulmonary fitnessathletesbile acids |
| spellingShingle | Astrid Weiss Katharina Alack Stephan Klatt Sven Zukunft Ralph Schermuly Torsten Frech Frank-Christoph Mooren Karsten Krüger Sustained Endurance Training Leads to Metabolomic Adaptation Metabolites glycerophosphocholines cardiopulmonary fitness athletes bile acids |
| title | Sustained Endurance Training Leads to Metabolomic Adaptation |
| title_full | Sustained Endurance Training Leads to Metabolomic Adaptation |
| title_fullStr | Sustained Endurance Training Leads to Metabolomic Adaptation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sustained Endurance Training Leads to Metabolomic Adaptation |
| title_short | Sustained Endurance Training Leads to Metabolomic Adaptation |
| title_sort | sustained endurance training leads to metabolomic adaptation |
| topic | glycerophosphocholines cardiopulmonary fitness athletes bile acids |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/7/658 |
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