Effects of β-Glucan Supplementation on LPS-Induced Endotoxemia in Horses
β-glucan is part of the cell wall of fungi and yeasts and has been known for decades to have immunomodulating effects on boosting immunity against various infections as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern that is able to modify biological responses. β-glucan has been used in rat models and in vi...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| author | Milena Domingues Lacerenza Júlia de Assis Arantes Gustavo Morandini Reginato Danielle Passarelli Júlio César de Carvalho Balieiro Andressa Rodrigues Amaral Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini Marcio Antonio Brunetto Renata Gebara Sampaio Dória |
| author_facet | Milena Domingues Lacerenza Júlia de Assis Arantes Gustavo Morandini Reginato Danielle Passarelli Júlio César de Carvalho Balieiro Andressa Rodrigues Amaral Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini Marcio Antonio Brunetto Renata Gebara Sampaio Dória |
| author_sort | Milena Domingues Lacerenza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | β-glucan is part of the cell wall of fungi and yeasts and has been known for decades to have immunomodulating effects on boosting immunity against various infections as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern that is able to modify biological responses. β-glucan has been used in rat models and in vitro studies involving sepsis and SIRS with good results, but this supplement has not been evaluated in the treatment of endotoxemia in horses. This study aims to evaluate the effects of preventive supplementation with β-glucan in horses submitted to endotoxemia by means of inflammatory response modulation. Eight healthy horses, both male and female, aged 18 ± 3 months, weighing 300 ± 100 kg of mixed breed, were randomly assigned to two groups of four animals, both of which were subjected to the induction of endotoxemia via the intravenous administration of <i>E. coli</i> lipopolysaccharides (0.1 µg/kg). For 30 days before the induction of endotoxemia, horses in the β-glucan group (GB) received 10 mg/kg/day of β-glucan orally, and horses in the control group (GC) received 10 mg/kg/day of 0.9% sodium chloride orally. The horses were submitted to physical exams, including a hematological, serum biochemistry, and peritoneal fluid evaluation, and the serum quantification of cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10. For statistical analysis, the normality of residues and homogeneity of variances were verified; then, the variables were analyzed as repeated measures over time, checking the effect of treatment, time, and the interaction between time and treatment. Finally, the averages were compared using Tukey’s test at a significance level of 5%. Horses from both experimental groups presented clinical signs and hematological changes in endotoxemia, including an increase in heart rate and body temperature, neutrophilic leukopenia, an increase in serum bilirubin, glucose, lactate, and an increase in TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10. Hepatic and renal function were not compromised by β-glucan supplementation. GB presented higher mean values of the serum total protein, globulins, and IL-8 compared to that observed in GC. In the peritoneal fluid, horses from GB presented a lower mean concentration of neutrophils and a higher mean concentration of macrophages compared to the GC. It was concluded that preventive supplementation of β-glucan for thirty days modulated the immune response, as evidenced by increasing serum total proteins, globulins, IL-8, and changes in the type of peritoneal inflammatory cells, without effectively attenuating clinical signs of endotoxemia in horses. Considering the safety of β-glucan in this study, the results suggest the potential clinical implication of β-glucan for prophylactic use in horse endotoxemia. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T04:02:05Z |
| format | Article |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T04:02:05Z |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-d7ee84aaeac8430891fbf689be55c60b2024-02-09T15:06:50ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152024-01-0114347410.3390/ani14030474Effects of β-Glucan Supplementation on LPS-Induced Endotoxemia in HorsesMilena Domingues Lacerenza0Júlia de Assis Arantes1Gustavo Morandini Reginato2Danielle Passarelli3Júlio César de Carvalho Balieiro4Andressa Rodrigues Amaral5Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini6Marcio Antonio Brunetto7Renata Gebara Sampaio Dória8Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, BrazilDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, BrazilDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, BrazilDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, BrazilPet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, BrazilPet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, BrazilPet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, BrazilPet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, BrazilDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazilβ-glucan is part of the cell wall of fungi and yeasts and has been known for decades to have immunomodulating effects on boosting immunity against various infections as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern that is able to modify biological responses. β-glucan has been used in rat models and in vitro studies involving sepsis and SIRS with good results, but this supplement has not been evaluated in the treatment of endotoxemia in horses. This study aims to evaluate the effects of preventive supplementation with β-glucan in horses submitted to endotoxemia by means of inflammatory response modulation. Eight healthy horses, both male and female, aged 18 ± 3 months, weighing 300 ± 100 kg of mixed breed, were randomly assigned to two groups of four animals, both of which were subjected to the induction of endotoxemia via the intravenous administration of <i>E. coli</i> lipopolysaccharides (0.1 µg/kg). For 30 days before the induction of endotoxemia, horses in the β-glucan group (GB) received 10 mg/kg/day of β-glucan orally, and horses in the control group (GC) received 10 mg/kg/day of 0.9% sodium chloride orally. The horses were submitted to physical exams, including a hematological, serum biochemistry, and peritoneal fluid evaluation, and the serum quantification of cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10. For statistical analysis, the normality of residues and homogeneity of variances were verified; then, the variables were analyzed as repeated measures over time, checking the effect of treatment, time, and the interaction between time and treatment. Finally, the averages were compared using Tukey’s test at a significance level of 5%. Horses from both experimental groups presented clinical signs and hematological changes in endotoxemia, including an increase in heart rate and body temperature, neutrophilic leukopenia, an increase in serum bilirubin, glucose, lactate, and an increase in TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10. Hepatic and renal function were not compromised by β-glucan supplementation. GB presented higher mean values of the serum total protein, globulins, and IL-8 compared to that observed in GC. In the peritoneal fluid, horses from GB presented a lower mean concentration of neutrophils and a higher mean concentration of macrophages compared to the GC. It was concluded that preventive supplementation of β-glucan for thirty days modulated the immune response, as evidenced by increasing serum total proteins, globulins, IL-8, and changes in the type of peritoneal inflammatory cells, without effectively attenuating clinical signs of endotoxemia in horses. Considering the safety of β-glucan in this study, the results suggest the potential clinical implication of β-glucan for prophylactic use in horse endotoxemia.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/3/474cytokineshorsesimmunomodulationlipopolysaccharidesyeasts |
| spellingShingle | Milena Domingues Lacerenza Júlia de Assis Arantes Gustavo Morandini Reginato Danielle Passarelli Júlio César de Carvalho Balieiro Andressa Rodrigues Amaral Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini Marcio Antonio Brunetto Renata Gebara Sampaio Dória Effects of β-Glucan Supplementation on LPS-Induced Endotoxemia in Horses Animals cytokines horses immunomodulation lipopolysaccharides yeasts |
| title | Effects of β-Glucan Supplementation on LPS-Induced Endotoxemia in Horses |
| title_full | Effects of β-Glucan Supplementation on LPS-Induced Endotoxemia in Horses |
| title_fullStr | Effects of β-Glucan Supplementation on LPS-Induced Endotoxemia in Horses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of β-Glucan Supplementation on LPS-Induced Endotoxemia in Horses |
| title_short | Effects of β-Glucan Supplementation on LPS-Induced Endotoxemia in Horses |
| title_sort | effects of β glucan supplementation on lps induced endotoxemia in horses |
| topic | cytokines horses immunomodulation lipopolysaccharides yeasts |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/3/474 |
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