Suppressive effect of goat bile in Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in mice
Background and Aim: Some individuals in Indonesia consume intact goat gallbladder to prevent and treat malaria. The acute and subacute toxicity tests of goat bile (GB) have shown mild diarrhea in mice. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the suppressive effect of GB on parasitemia, splenomegaly,...
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Veterinary World
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Veterinary World |
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| Online Access: | http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.14/August-2021/5.pdf |
| _version_ | 1819033778610241536 |
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| author | Heny Arwati Ramadhani R. Bahalwan Windya T. Hapsari Kartika A. Wardhani Kholida N. Aini Putu I. B. Apsari Puspa Wardhani |
| author_facet | Heny Arwati Ramadhani R. Bahalwan Windya T. Hapsari Kartika A. Wardhani Kholida N. Aini Putu I. B. Apsari Puspa Wardhani |
| author_sort | Heny Arwati |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Aim: Some individuals in Indonesia consume intact goat gallbladder to prevent and treat malaria. The acute and subacute toxicity tests of goat bile (GB) have shown mild diarrhea in mice. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the suppressive effect of GB on parasitemia, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and blood biochemistry to assess liver and kidney function in BALB/c mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA.
Materials and Methods: Fifty healthy mice were infected with P. berghei ANKA and divided into five groups. Mice in three groups were administered 0.5 mL of 25%, 50%, or 100% of GB by gavage. Animals in Group 4 were administered 187.2 mg/kg BW of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine phosphate as a positive control (POS Group). Mice in fifth group were administered sterile water as negative (NEG) controls. Further, 30 uninfected mice were divided into groups 6-8 and administered GB as were mice in the first three groups. Group 9 included 10 uninfected and untreated animals as healthy controls. Treatments were administered in a 4-day suppressive test followed by daily observation of Giemsa-stained blood smears. On day 7, mice were sacrificed to measure the length and weight of spleens and livers, plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine.
Results: GB suppressed parasitemia but did not affect the size and weight of spleens or livers or plasma levels of AST and ALT compared to uninfected GB-treated and healthy control animals. Conversely, plasma levels of BUN and creatinine were suppressed and remained in the normal range in all groups of mice.
Conclusion: GB suppresses parasitemia with no significant impact on hepatic enzymes in GB-treated infected mice. Liver dysfunction in GB-treated infected mice was due to P. berghei rather than GB treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T07:23:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d7f9e6797d0740daaa959d4cfbd74341 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0972-8988 2231-0916 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T07:23:15Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | Veterinary World |
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| series | Veterinary World |
| spelling | doaj.art-d7f9e6797d0740daaa959d4cfbd743412022-12-21T19:11:44ZengVeterinary WorldVeterinary World0972-89882231-09162021-08-011482016202210.14202/vetworld.2021.2016-2022Suppressive effect of goat bile in Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in miceHeny Arwati0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3389-9764Ramadhani R. Bahalwan1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7628-7250Windya T. Hapsari2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6903-7125Kartika A. Wardhani3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8051-1825Kholida N. Aini4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9099-1028Putu I. B. Apsari5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0572-9581Puspa Wardhani6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2202-8090Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Campus A, Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 47, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia.Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Campus A, Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 47, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia.Department of Opthalmology, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 6-8, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia.Master Program on Immunology, Postgraduate School, Universitas Airlangga, Campus B, Jl. Darmawangsa Dalam Selatan No. 30, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Karya Putra Bangsa Institute of Health Science, Jalan Raya Tulungagung-Blitar Km 4, Tulungagung 66291, Indonesia.Master Program on Immunology, Postgraduate School, Universitas Airlangga, Campus B, Jl. Darmawangsa Dalam Selatan No. 30, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia.Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Marwadewa, Jl. Terompong No.24, Denpasar, Bali 80235, Indonesia.Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Campus A, Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 47, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia; Department of Clinical Pathology, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 6-8, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia.Background and Aim: Some individuals in Indonesia consume intact goat gallbladder to prevent and treat malaria. The acute and subacute toxicity tests of goat bile (GB) have shown mild diarrhea in mice. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the suppressive effect of GB on parasitemia, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and blood biochemistry to assess liver and kidney function in BALB/c mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Materials and Methods: Fifty healthy mice were infected with P. berghei ANKA and divided into five groups. Mice in three groups were administered 0.5 mL of 25%, 50%, or 100% of GB by gavage. Animals in Group 4 were administered 187.2 mg/kg BW of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine phosphate as a positive control (POS Group). Mice in fifth group were administered sterile water as negative (NEG) controls. Further, 30 uninfected mice were divided into groups 6-8 and administered GB as were mice in the first three groups. Group 9 included 10 uninfected and untreated animals as healthy controls. Treatments were administered in a 4-day suppressive test followed by daily observation of Giemsa-stained blood smears. On day 7, mice were sacrificed to measure the length and weight of spleens and livers, plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine. Results: GB suppressed parasitemia but did not affect the size and weight of spleens or livers or plasma levels of AST and ALT compared to uninfected GB-treated and healthy control animals. Conversely, plasma levels of BUN and creatinine were suppressed and remained in the normal range in all groups of mice. Conclusion: GB suppresses parasitemia with no significant impact on hepatic enzymes in GB-treated infected mice. Liver dysfunction in GB-treated infected mice was due to P. berghei rather than GB treatment.http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.14/August-2021/5.pdfblood biochemistrygoat bilehepatomegalymalariasplenomegalysuppressive effect |
| spellingShingle | Heny Arwati Ramadhani R. Bahalwan Windya T. Hapsari Kartika A. Wardhani Kholida N. Aini Putu I. B. Apsari Puspa Wardhani Suppressive effect of goat bile in Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in mice Veterinary World blood biochemistry goat bile hepatomegaly malaria splenomegaly suppressive effect |
| title | Suppressive effect of goat bile in Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in mice |
| title_full | Suppressive effect of goat bile in Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in mice |
| title_fullStr | Suppressive effect of goat bile in Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Suppressive effect of goat bile in Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in mice |
| title_short | Suppressive effect of goat bile in Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in mice |
| title_sort | suppressive effect of goat bile in plasmodium berghei anka infection in mice |
| topic | blood biochemistry goat bile hepatomegaly malaria splenomegaly suppressive effect |
| url | http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.14/August-2021/5.pdf |
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