The Consequences of Budding versus Binary Fission on Adaptation and Aging in Primitive Multicellularity
Early multicellular organisms must gain adaptations to outcompete their unicellular ancestors, as well as other multicellular lineages. The tempo and mode of multicellular adaptation is influenced by many factors including the traits of individual cells. We consider how a fundamental aspect of cells...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/5/661 |
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| author | Hanna Isaksson Peter L. Conlin Ben Kerr William C. Ratcliff Eric Libby |
| author_facet | Hanna Isaksson Peter L. Conlin Ben Kerr William C. Ratcliff Eric Libby |
| author_sort | Hanna Isaksson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Early multicellular organisms must gain adaptations to outcompete their unicellular ancestors, as well as other multicellular lineages. The tempo and mode of multicellular adaptation is influenced by many factors including the traits of individual cells. We consider how a fundamental aspect of cells, whether they reproduce via binary fission or budding, can affect the rate of adaptation in primitive multicellularity. We use mathematical models to study the spread of beneficial, growth rate mutations in unicellular populations and populations of multicellular filaments reproducing via binary fission or budding. Comparing populations once they reach carrying capacity, we find that the spread of mutations in multicellular budding populations is qualitatively distinct from the other populations and in general slower. Since budding and binary fission distribute age-accumulated damage differently, we consider the effects of cellular senescence. When growth rate decreases with cell age, we find that beneficial mutations can spread significantly faster in a multicellular budding population than its corresponding unicellular population or a population reproducing via binary fission. Our results demonstrate that basic aspects of the cell cycle can give rise to different rates of adaptation in multicellular organisms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:52:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d7fe3ee548334f099d52386826821a3e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:52:30Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-d7fe3ee548334f099d52386826821a3e2023-11-21T17:34:52ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252021-04-0112566110.3390/genes12050661The Consequences of Budding versus Binary Fission on Adaptation and Aging in Primitive MulticellularityHanna Isaksson0Peter L. Conlin1Ben Kerr2William C. Ratcliff3Eric Libby4Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, SwedenGeorgia Institute of Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Atlanta, GA 30332, USADepartment of Biology, BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USAGeorgia Institute of Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Atlanta, GA 30332, USADepartment of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, SwedenEarly multicellular organisms must gain adaptations to outcompete their unicellular ancestors, as well as other multicellular lineages. The tempo and mode of multicellular adaptation is influenced by many factors including the traits of individual cells. We consider how a fundamental aspect of cells, whether they reproduce via binary fission or budding, can affect the rate of adaptation in primitive multicellularity. We use mathematical models to study the spread of beneficial, growth rate mutations in unicellular populations and populations of multicellular filaments reproducing via binary fission or budding. Comparing populations once they reach carrying capacity, we find that the spread of mutations in multicellular budding populations is qualitatively distinct from the other populations and in general slower. Since budding and binary fission distribute age-accumulated damage differently, we consider the effects of cellular senescence. When growth rate decreases with cell age, we find that beneficial mutations can spread significantly faster in a multicellular budding population than its corresponding unicellular population or a population reproducing via binary fission. Our results demonstrate that basic aspects of the cell cycle can give rise to different rates of adaptation in multicellular organisms.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/5/661binary fissionbuddingmulticellularityagingadaptationfilaments |
| spellingShingle | Hanna Isaksson Peter L. Conlin Ben Kerr William C. Ratcliff Eric Libby The Consequences of Budding versus Binary Fission on Adaptation and Aging in Primitive Multicellularity Genes binary fission budding multicellularity aging adaptation filaments |
| title | The Consequences of Budding versus Binary Fission on Adaptation and Aging in Primitive Multicellularity |
| title_full | The Consequences of Budding versus Binary Fission on Adaptation and Aging in Primitive Multicellularity |
| title_fullStr | The Consequences of Budding versus Binary Fission on Adaptation and Aging in Primitive Multicellularity |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Consequences of Budding versus Binary Fission on Adaptation and Aging in Primitive Multicellularity |
| title_short | The Consequences of Budding versus Binary Fission on Adaptation and Aging in Primitive Multicellularity |
| title_sort | consequences of budding versus binary fission on adaptation and aging in primitive multicellularity |
| topic | binary fission budding multicellularity aging adaptation filaments |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/5/661 |
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