An Assessment of Observed and Simulated Temperature Variability in Sierra de Guadarrama
This work provides a first assessment of temperature variability at interannual and decadal timescales in Sierra de Guadarrama, a high mountain protected area of the Central System in the Iberian Peninsula. Observational data from stations located in the area and simulated data from a high-resolutio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/9/985 |
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| author | Cristina Vegas-Cañas J. Fidel González-Rouco Jorge Navarro-Montesinos Elena García-Bustamante Etor E. Lucio-Eceiza Félix García-Pereira Ernesto Rodríguez-Camino Andrés Chazarra-Bernabé Inés Álvarez-Arévalo |
| author_facet | Cristina Vegas-Cañas J. Fidel González-Rouco Jorge Navarro-Montesinos Elena García-Bustamante Etor E. Lucio-Eceiza Félix García-Pereira Ernesto Rodríguez-Camino Andrés Chazarra-Bernabé Inés Álvarez-Arévalo |
| author_sort | Cristina Vegas-Cañas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work provides a first assessment of temperature variability at interannual and decadal timescales in Sierra de Guadarrama, a high mountain protected area of the Central System in the Iberian Peninsula. Observational data from stations located in the area and simulated data from a high-resolution simulation (1 km) with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, fed from ERA Interim reanalysis, are used in order to analyse the temperature variability in the period 2000–2018. Comparison among all datasets allows evaluation of the realism of the model simulations. The results show that the model tends to underestimate the observational mean temperatures and anomalies at high-altitude stations. A linear mean temperature vertical gradient of −5.81 °C/km is observed, but it is overestimated by the model (−6.56 °C/km). The variability of the daily temperature anomalies for both observations and, to a lesser extent, simulations increases with height. The added value that the WRF offers against the use of the ERA Interim is evaluated. The results show that the WRF provides a better performance than the reanalysis, as it shows smaller biases with respect to observational temperature anomalies. Finally, the study of temperature trends over the Sierra de Guadarrama and its surroundings for the period 2000–2018 shows a warming in the area, significantly pronounced in autumn. When extended to the last decades, observations show that this warming has been happening since the first half of the 20th century, especially during the period 1970–2018, but not as much as during 2000–2018. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:20:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d804b3138cc94199bd938d952298cddc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:20:00Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-d804b3138cc94199bd938d952298cddc2023-11-20T13:45:20ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332020-09-0111998510.3390/atmos11090985An Assessment of Observed and Simulated Temperature Variability in Sierra de GuadarramaCristina Vegas-Cañas0J. Fidel González-Rouco1Jorge Navarro-Montesinos2Elena García-Bustamante3Etor E. Lucio-Eceiza4Félix García-Pereira5Ernesto Rodríguez-Camino6Andrés Chazarra-Bernabé7Inés Álvarez-Arévalo8Facultad de CC. Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainFacultad de CC. Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainFacultad de CC. Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainFacultad de CC. Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainFacultad de CC. Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainFacultad de CC. Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainAgencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet), 28040 Madrid, SpainAgencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet), 28040 Madrid, SpainFacultad de CC. Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainThis work provides a first assessment of temperature variability at interannual and decadal timescales in Sierra de Guadarrama, a high mountain protected area of the Central System in the Iberian Peninsula. Observational data from stations located in the area and simulated data from a high-resolution simulation (1 km) with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, fed from ERA Interim reanalysis, are used in order to analyse the temperature variability in the period 2000–2018. Comparison among all datasets allows evaluation of the realism of the model simulations. The results show that the model tends to underestimate the observational mean temperatures and anomalies at high-altitude stations. A linear mean temperature vertical gradient of −5.81 °C/km is observed, but it is overestimated by the model (−6.56 °C/km). The variability of the daily temperature anomalies for both observations and, to a lesser extent, simulations increases with height. The added value that the WRF offers against the use of the ERA Interim is evaluated. The results show that the WRF provides a better performance than the reanalysis, as it shows smaller biases with respect to observational temperature anomalies. Finally, the study of temperature trends over the Sierra de Guadarrama and its surroundings for the period 2000–2018 shows a warming in the area, significantly pronounced in autumn. When extended to the last decades, observations show that this warming has been happening since the first half of the 20th century, especially during the period 1970–2018, but not as much as during 2000–2018.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/9/985mountainstemperature variabilityobservationsWRFERA Interimmultidecadal warming trends |
| spellingShingle | Cristina Vegas-Cañas J. Fidel González-Rouco Jorge Navarro-Montesinos Elena García-Bustamante Etor E. Lucio-Eceiza Félix García-Pereira Ernesto Rodríguez-Camino Andrés Chazarra-Bernabé Inés Álvarez-Arévalo An Assessment of Observed and Simulated Temperature Variability in Sierra de Guadarrama Atmosphere mountains temperature variability observations WRF ERA Interim multidecadal warming trends |
| title | An Assessment of Observed and Simulated Temperature Variability in Sierra de Guadarrama |
| title_full | An Assessment of Observed and Simulated Temperature Variability in Sierra de Guadarrama |
| title_fullStr | An Assessment of Observed and Simulated Temperature Variability in Sierra de Guadarrama |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Assessment of Observed and Simulated Temperature Variability in Sierra de Guadarrama |
| title_short | An Assessment of Observed and Simulated Temperature Variability in Sierra de Guadarrama |
| title_sort | assessment of observed and simulated temperature variability in sierra de guadarrama |
| topic | mountains temperature variability observations WRF ERA Interim multidecadal warming trends |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/9/985 |
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