Retinal Cell Protection in Ocular Excitotoxicity Diseases. Possible Alternatives Offered by Microparticulate Drug Delivery Systems and Future Prospects
Excitotoxicity seems to play a critical role in ocular neurodegeneration. Excess-glutamate-mediated retinal ganglion cells death is the principal cause of cell loss. Uncontrolled glutamate in the synapsis has significant implications in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. The exploitati...
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MDPI AG
2020-01-01
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Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/12/2/94 |
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author | Javier Rodríguez Villanueva Jorge Martín Esteban Laura J. Rodríguez Villanueva |
author_facet | Javier Rodríguez Villanueva Jorge Martín Esteban Laura J. Rodríguez Villanueva |
author_sort | Javier Rodríguez Villanueva |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Excitotoxicity seems to play a critical role in ocular neurodegeneration. Excess-glutamate-mediated retinal ganglion cells death is the principal cause of cell loss. Uncontrolled glutamate in the synapsis has significant implications in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. The exploitation of various approaches of controlled release systems enhances the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic activity of drugs. In particular, microparticles are secure, can maintain therapeutic drug concentrations in the eye for prolonged periods, and make intimate contact by improving drug bioavailability. According to the promising results reported, possible new investigations will focus intense attention on microparticulate formulations and can be expected to open the field to new alternatives for doctors, as currently required by patients. |
first_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:48:11Z |
format | Article |
id | doaj.art-d810b40f0a504b03bd4c920ffe14f1dc |
institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 1999-4923 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:48:11Z |
publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
publisher | MDPI AG |
record_format | Article |
series | Pharmaceutics |
spelling | doaj.art-d810b40f0a504b03bd4c920ffe14f1dc2022-12-22T02:53:35ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232020-01-011229410.3390/pharmaceutics12020094pharmaceutics12020094Retinal Cell Protection in Ocular Excitotoxicity Diseases. Possible Alternatives Offered by Microparticulate Drug Delivery Systems and Future ProspectsJavier Rodríguez Villanueva0Jorge Martín Esteban1Laura J. Rodríguez Villanueva2Human resources for I+D+i Department, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, Ctra. de la Coruña (Autovía A6) Km. 7.5, 28040 Madrid, SpainUniversity of Alcalá, Ctra. de Madrid-Barcelona (Autovía A2) Km. 33,600, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, SpainUniversity of Alcalá, Ctra. de Madrid-Barcelona (Autovía A2) Km. 33,600, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, SpainExcitotoxicity seems to play a critical role in ocular neurodegeneration. Excess-glutamate-mediated retinal ganglion cells death is the principal cause of cell loss. Uncontrolled glutamate in the synapsis has significant implications in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. The exploitation of various approaches of controlled release systems enhances the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic activity of drugs. In particular, microparticles are secure, can maintain therapeutic drug concentrations in the eye for prolonged periods, and make intimate contact by improving drug bioavailability. According to the promising results reported, possible new investigations will focus intense attention on microparticulate formulations and can be expected to open the field to new alternatives for doctors, as currently required by patients.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/12/2/94excitotoxicityneurodegenerationretinamicroparticlescontrolled drug release |
spellingShingle | Javier Rodríguez Villanueva Jorge Martín Esteban Laura J. Rodríguez Villanueva Retinal Cell Protection in Ocular Excitotoxicity Diseases. Possible Alternatives Offered by Microparticulate Drug Delivery Systems and Future Prospects Pharmaceutics excitotoxicity neurodegeneration retina microparticles controlled drug release |
title | Retinal Cell Protection in Ocular Excitotoxicity Diseases. Possible Alternatives Offered by Microparticulate Drug Delivery Systems and Future Prospects |
title_full | Retinal Cell Protection in Ocular Excitotoxicity Diseases. Possible Alternatives Offered by Microparticulate Drug Delivery Systems and Future Prospects |
title_fullStr | Retinal Cell Protection in Ocular Excitotoxicity Diseases. Possible Alternatives Offered by Microparticulate Drug Delivery Systems and Future Prospects |
title_full_unstemmed | Retinal Cell Protection in Ocular Excitotoxicity Diseases. Possible Alternatives Offered by Microparticulate Drug Delivery Systems and Future Prospects |
title_short | Retinal Cell Protection in Ocular Excitotoxicity Diseases. Possible Alternatives Offered by Microparticulate Drug Delivery Systems and Future Prospects |
title_sort | retinal cell protection in ocular excitotoxicity diseases possible alternatives offered by microparticulate drug delivery systems and future prospects |
topic | excitotoxicity neurodegeneration retina microparticles controlled drug release |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/12/2/94 |
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