Retinal Cell Protection in Ocular Excitotoxicity Diseases. Possible Alternatives Offered by Microparticulate Drug Delivery Systems and Future Prospects

Excitotoxicity seems to play a critical role in ocular neurodegeneration. Excess-glutamate-mediated retinal ganglion cells death is the principal cause of cell loss. Uncontrolled glutamate in the synapsis has significant implications in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. The exploitati...

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Main Authors: Javier Rodríguez Villanueva, Jorge Martín Esteban, Laura J. Rodríguez Villanueva
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-01-01
Series:Pharmaceutics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/12/2/94
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author Javier Rodríguez Villanueva
Jorge Martín Esteban
Laura J. Rodríguez Villanueva
author_facet Javier Rodríguez Villanueva
Jorge Martín Esteban
Laura J. Rodríguez Villanueva
author_sort Javier Rodríguez Villanueva
collection DOAJ
description Excitotoxicity seems to play a critical role in ocular neurodegeneration. Excess-glutamate-mediated retinal ganglion cells death is the principal cause of cell loss. Uncontrolled glutamate in the synapsis has significant implications in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. The exploitation of various approaches of controlled release systems enhances the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic activity of drugs. In particular, microparticles are secure, can maintain therapeutic drug concentrations in the eye for prolonged periods, and make intimate contact by improving drug bioavailability. According to the promising results reported, possible new investigations will focus intense attention on microparticulate formulations and can be expected to open the field to new alternatives for doctors, as currently required by patients.
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spelling doaj.art-d810b40f0a504b03bd4c920ffe14f1dc2022-12-22T02:53:35ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232020-01-011229410.3390/pharmaceutics12020094pharmaceutics12020094Retinal Cell Protection in Ocular Excitotoxicity Diseases. Possible Alternatives Offered by Microparticulate Drug Delivery Systems and Future ProspectsJavier Rodríguez Villanueva0Jorge Martín Esteban1Laura J. Rodríguez Villanueva2Human resources for I+D+i Department, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, Ctra. de la Coruña (Autovía A6) Km. 7.5, 28040 Madrid, SpainUniversity of Alcalá, Ctra. de Madrid-Barcelona (Autovía A2) Km. 33,600, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, SpainUniversity of Alcalá, Ctra. de Madrid-Barcelona (Autovía A2) Km. 33,600, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, SpainExcitotoxicity seems to play a critical role in ocular neurodegeneration. Excess-glutamate-mediated retinal ganglion cells death is the principal cause of cell loss. Uncontrolled glutamate in the synapsis has significant implications in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. The exploitation of various approaches of controlled release systems enhances the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic activity of drugs. In particular, microparticles are secure, can maintain therapeutic drug concentrations in the eye for prolonged periods, and make intimate contact by improving drug bioavailability. According to the promising results reported, possible new investigations will focus intense attention on microparticulate formulations and can be expected to open the field to new alternatives for doctors, as currently required by patients.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/12/2/94excitotoxicityneurodegenerationretinamicroparticlescontrolled drug release
spellingShingle Javier Rodríguez Villanueva
Jorge Martín Esteban
Laura J. Rodríguez Villanueva
Retinal Cell Protection in Ocular Excitotoxicity Diseases. Possible Alternatives Offered by Microparticulate Drug Delivery Systems and Future Prospects
Pharmaceutics
excitotoxicity
neurodegeneration
retina
microparticles
controlled drug release
title Retinal Cell Protection in Ocular Excitotoxicity Diseases. Possible Alternatives Offered by Microparticulate Drug Delivery Systems and Future Prospects
title_full Retinal Cell Protection in Ocular Excitotoxicity Diseases. Possible Alternatives Offered by Microparticulate Drug Delivery Systems and Future Prospects
title_fullStr Retinal Cell Protection in Ocular Excitotoxicity Diseases. Possible Alternatives Offered by Microparticulate Drug Delivery Systems and Future Prospects
title_full_unstemmed Retinal Cell Protection in Ocular Excitotoxicity Diseases. Possible Alternatives Offered by Microparticulate Drug Delivery Systems and Future Prospects
title_short Retinal Cell Protection in Ocular Excitotoxicity Diseases. Possible Alternatives Offered by Microparticulate Drug Delivery Systems and Future Prospects
title_sort retinal cell protection in ocular excitotoxicity diseases possible alternatives offered by microparticulate drug delivery systems and future prospects
topic excitotoxicity
neurodegeneration
retina
microparticles
controlled drug release
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/12/2/94
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