Measurement of Water Vapor Condensation on Apple Surfaces during Controlled Atmosphere Storage
Apples are stored at temperatures close to 0 °C and high relative humidity (up to 95%) under controlled atmosphere conditions. Under these conditions, the cyclic operation of the refrigeration machine and the associated temperature fluctuations can lead to localized undershoots of the dew point on f...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1739 |
| _version_ | 1827759381295398912 |
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| author | Manfred Linke Ulrike Praeger Daniel A. Neuwald Martin Geyer |
| author_facet | Manfred Linke Ulrike Praeger Daniel A. Neuwald Martin Geyer |
| author_sort | Manfred Linke |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Apples are stored at temperatures close to 0 °C and high relative humidity (up to 95%) under controlled atmosphere conditions. Under these conditions, the cyclic operation of the refrigeration machine and the associated temperature fluctuations can lead to localized undershoots of the dew point on fruit surfaces. The primary question for the present study was to prove that such condensation processes can be measured under practical conditions during apple storage. Using the example of a measuring point in the upper apple layer of a large bin in the supply air area, this evidence was provided. Using two independent measuring methods, a wetness sensor attached to the apple surface and determination of climatic conditions near the fruit, the phases of condensation, namely active condensation and evaporation, were measured over three weeks as a function of the operating time of the cooling system components (refrigeration machine, fans, defrosting regime). The system for measurement and continuous data acquisition in the case of an airtight CA-storage room is presented and the influence of the operation of the cooling system components in relation to condensation phenomena was evaluated. Depending on the set point specifications for ventilation and defrost control, condensed water was present on the apple surface between 33.4% and 100% of the duration of the varying cooling/re-warming cycles. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:24:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d814fa6ee24e4772b79bc4f63272c448 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:24:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-d814fa6ee24e4772b79bc4f63272c4482023-11-16T18:05:28ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-02-01233173910.3390/s23031739Measurement of Water Vapor Condensation on Apple Surfaces during Controlled Atmosphere StorageManfred Linke0Ulrike Praeger1Daniel A. Neuwald2Martin Geyer3Department of Horticultural Engineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), 14469 Potsdam, GermanyDepartment of Horticultural Engineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), 14469 Potsdam, GermanyLake of Constance Research Centre for Fruit Cultivation (KOB), 88213 Ravensburg, GermanyDepartment of Horticultural Engineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), 14469 Potsdam, GermanyApples are stored at temperatures close to 0 °C and high relative humidity (up to 95%) under controlled atmosphere conditions. Under these conditions, the cyclic operation of the refrigeration machine and the associated temperature fluctuations can lead to localized undershoots of the dew point on fruit surfaces. The primary question for the present study was to prove that such condensation processes can be measured under practical conditions during apple storage. Using the example of a measuring point in the upper apple layer of a large bin in the supply air area, this evidence was provided. Using two independent measuring methods, a wetness sensor attached to the apple surface and determination of climatic conditions near the fruit, the phases of condensation, namely active condensation and evaporation, were measured over three weeks as a function of the operating time of the cooling system components (refrigeration machine, fans, defrosting regime). The system for measurement and continuous data acquisition in the case of an airtight CA-storage room is presented and the influence of the operation of the cooling system components in relation to condensation phenomena was evaluated. Depending on the set point specifications for ventilation and defrost control, condensed water was present on the apple surface between 33.4% and 100% of the duration of the varying cooling/re-warming cycles.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1739apple storagewetness sensorcondensation retention timedew point undershootatmospheric evaporationpostharvest |
| spellingShingle | Manfred Linke Ulrike Praeger Daniel A. Neuwald Martin Geyer Measurement of Water Vapor Condensation on Apple Surfaces during Controlled Atmosphere Storage Sensors apple storage wetness sensor condensation retention time dew point undershoot atmospheric evaporation postharvest |
| title | Measurement of Water Vapor Condensation on Apple Surfaces during Controlled Atmosphere Storage |
| title_full | Measurement of Water Vapor Condensation on Apple Surfaces during Controlled Atmosphere Storage |
| title_fullStr | Measurement of Water Vapor Condensation on Apple Surfaces during Controlled Atmosphere Storage |
| title_full_unstemmed | Measurement of Water Vapor Condensation on Apple Surfaces during Controlled Atmosphere Storage |
| title_short | Measurement of Water Vapor Condensation on Apple Surfaces during Controlled Atmosphere Storage |
| title_sort | measurement of water vapor condensation on apple surfaces during controlled atmosphere storage |
| topic | apple storage wetness sensor condensation retention time dew point undershoot atmospheric evaporation postharvest |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1739 |
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