Potential Applications of Frass Derived from Black Soldier Fly Larvae Treatment of Food Waste: A Review
The disposal of large amounts of food waste has caused serious environmental pollution and financial losses globally. Compared to alternative disposal methods (landfills, incineration, and anaerobic digestion), composting by black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) is a promising alternative for food waste m...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/17/2664 |
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| author | Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri Nur Asyiqin Azman Irfana Kabir Ahmad Fatihah Suja Nurul Ain Abdul Jalil Nur Fardilla Amrul |
| author_facet | Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri Nur Asyiqin Azman Irfana Kabir Ahmad Fatihah Suja Nurul Ain Abdul Jalil Nur Fardilla Amrul |
| author_sort | Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The disposal of large amounts of food waste has caused serious environmental pollution and financial losses globally. Compared to alternative disposal methods (landfills, incineration, and anaerobic digestion), composting by black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) is a promising alternative for food waste management. Despite extensive research into larval biomass, another valuable by-product generated from BSFL composting is BSFL frass. However, limited information is available for its potential application. The applications of BSFL frass can be intensified by understanding its physicochemical characteristics, benefits, and challenges of BSFL frass derived from food waste. BSFL frass is harvested after 9–23 days of the experiment, depending on the substrate used in the composting process. The generated BSFL frass could exceed 33% of the original weight of the substrate. The physicochemical characteristics of BSFL frass are as follows: the temperature after harvest is 24 °C to 27 °C, pH is 5.6–8.0, moisture content is 30 to 72%, C/N ratio is 8:1 to 27:1, high nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) content, and low heavy metal content. This paper reviews the characteristics, benefits, and application of BSFL frass. It will also investigate the challenges of using food waste substrates to produce BSFL frass, as well as the best way to pre-treat the food waste substrate and post-treat the BSFL frass. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:49:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d816ba3efd0b486fb347f4cac1708e7c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:49:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-d816ba3efd0b486fb347f4cac1708e7c2023-11-23T13:09:11ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582022-09-011117266410.3390/foods11172664Potential Applications of Frass Derived from Black Soldier Fly Larvae Treatment of Food Waste: A ReviewNoor Ezlin Ahmad Basri0Nur Asyiqin Azman1Irfana Kabir Ahmad2Fatihah Suja3Nurul Ain Abdul Jalil4Nur Fardilla Amrul5Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Earth Science and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, MalaysiaThe disposal of large amounts of food waste has caused serious environmental pollution and financial losses globally. Compared to alternative disposal methods (landfills, incineration, and anaerobic digestion), composting by black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) is a promising alternative for food waste management. Despite extensive research into larval biomass, another valuable by-product generated from BSFL composting is BSFL frass. However, limited information is available for its potential application. The applications of BSFL frass can be intensified by understanding its physicochemical characteristics, benefits, and challenges of BSFL frass derived from food waste. BSFL frass is harvested after 9–23 days of the experiment, depending on the substrate used in the composting process. The generated BSFL frass could exceed 33% of the original weight of the substrate. The physicochemical characteristics of BSFL frass are as follows: the temperature after harvest is 24 °C to 27 °C, pH is 5.6–8.0, moisture content is 30 to 72%, C/N ratio is 8:1 to 27:1, high nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) content, and low heavy metal content. This paper reviews the characteristics, benefits, and application of BSFL frass. It will also investigate the challenges of using food waste substrates to produce BSFL frass, as well as the best way to pre-treat the food waste substrate and post-treat the BSFL frass.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/17/2664black soldier fly larvae frassfrass propertiesfrass applicationspre-treatment of food wastepost-treatment of frassfrass composting |
| spellingShingle | Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri Nur Asyiqin Azman Irfana Kabir Ahmad Fatihah Suja Nurul Ain Abdul Jalil Nur Fardilla Amrul Potential Applications of Frass Derived from Black Soldier Fly Larvae Treatment of Food Waste: A Review Foods black soldier fly larvae frass frass properties frass applications pre-treatment of food waste post-treatment of frass frass composting |
| title | Potential Applications of Frass Derived from Black Soldier Fly Larvae Treatment of Food Waste: A Review |
| title_full | Potential Applications of Frass Derived from Black Soldier Fly Larvae Treatment of Food Waste: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Potential Applications of Frass Derived from Black Soldier Fly Larvae Treatment of Food Waste: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Potential Applications of Frass Derived from Black Soldier Fly Larvae Treatment of Food Waste: A Review |
| title_short | Potential Applications of Frass Derived from Black Soldier Fly Larvae Treatment of Food Waste: A Review |
| title_sort | potential applications of frass derived from black soldier fly larvae treatment of food waste a review |
| topic | black soldier fly larvae frass frass properties frass applications pre-treatment of food waste post-treatment of frass frass composting |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/17/2664 |
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