Development of multi-epitope peptide-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic involving so far more than 22 million infections and 776,157 deaths. Effective vaccines are urgently needed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections. No vaccines have yet been approved for licensure by regulatory agencies. Ev...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Biomedical Journal |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2319417020301530 |
| _version_ | 1817993100121866240 |
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| author | Hui Xuan Lim Jianhua Lim Seyed Davoud Jazayeri Sibrandes Poppema Chit Laa Poh |
| author_facet | Hui Xuan Lim Jianhua Lim Seyed Davoud Jazayeri Sibrandes Poppema Chit Laa Poh |
| author_sort | Hui Xuan Lim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic involving so far more than 22 million infections and 776,157 deaths. Effective vaccines are urgently needed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections. No vaccines have yet been approved for licensure by regulatory agencies. Even though host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infections are beginning to be unravelled, effective clearance of virus will depend on both humoral and cellular immunity. Additionally, the presence of Spike (S)-glycoprotein reactive CD4+ T-cells in the majority of convalescent patients is consistent with its significant role in stimulating B and CD8+ T-cells. The search for immunodominant epitopes relies on experimental evaluation of peptides representing the epitopes from overlapping peptide libraries which can be costly and labor-intensive. Recent advancements in B- and T-cell epitope predictions by bioinformatic analysis have led to epitope identifications. Assessing which peptide epitope can induce potent neutralizing antibodies and robust T-cell responses is a prerequisite for the selection of effective epitopes to be incorporated in peptide-based vaccines. This review discusses the roles of B- and T-cells in SARS-CoV-2 infections and experimental validations for the selection of B-, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes which could lead to the construction of a multi-epitope peptide vaccine. Peptide-based vaccines are known for their low immunogenicity which could be overcome by incorporating immunostimulatory adjuvants and nanoparticles such as Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) or chitosan. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:35:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d826d5a2b2184c94b19645d0b534ce94 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2319-4170 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:35:15Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-d826d5a2b2184c94b19645d0b534ce942022-12-22T02:20:00ZengElsevierBiomedical Journal2319-41702021-03-014411830Development of multi-epitope peptide-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2Hui Xuan Lim0Jianhua Lim1Seyed Davoud Jazayeri2Sibrandes Poppema3Chit Laa Poh4Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, MalaysiaCentre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, MalaysiaCentre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, MalaysiaSunway University, Selangor, MalaysiaCentre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia; Corresponding author. Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia.Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic involving so far more than 22 million infections and 776,157 deaths. Effective vaccines are urgently needed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections. No vaccines have yet been approved for licensure by regulatory agencies. Even though host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infections are beginning to be unravelled, effective clearance of virus will depend on both humoral and cellular immunity. Additionally, the presence of Spike (S)-glycoprotein reactive CD4+ T-cells in the majority of convalescent patients is consistent with its significant role in stimulating B and CD8+ T-cells. The search for immunodominant epitopes relies on experimental evaluation of peptides representing the epitopes from overlapping peptide libraries which can be costly and labor-intensive. Recent advancements in B- and T-cell epitope predictions by bioinformatic analysis have led to epitope identifications. Assessing which peptide epitope can induce potent neutralizing antibodies and robust T-cell responses is a prerequisite for the selection of effective epitopes to be incorporated in peptide-based vaccines. This review discusses the roles of B- and T-cells in SARS-CoV-2 infections and experimental validations for the selection of B-, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes which could lead to the construction of a multi-epitope peptide vaccine. Peptide-based vaccines are known for their low immunogenicity which could be overcome by incorporating immunostimulatory adjuvants and nanoparticles such as Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) or chitosan.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2319417020301530SARS-CoV-2CD4+ T-cellCD8+ T-cellB-cellEpitopes |
| spellingShingle | Hui Xuan Lim Jianhua Lim Seyed Davoud Jazayeri Sibrandes Poppema Chit Laa Poh Development of multi-epitope peptide-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Biomedical Journal SARS-CoV-2 CD4+ T-cell CD8+ T-cell B-cell Epitopes |
| title | Development of multi-epitope peptide-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_full | Development of multi-epitope peptide-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_fullStr | Development of multi-epitope peptide-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of multi-epitope peptide-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_short | Development of multi-epitope peptide-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_sort | development of multi epitope peptide based vaccines against sars cov 2 |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 CD4+ T-cell CD8+ T-cell B-cell Epitopes |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2319417020301530 |
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