The link of depression, untreated hypertension, and diabetes with mortality in postmenopausal women: A cohort study
Objective To explore the association of depression, as well as untreated hypertension or diabetes with all-cause death in community-based postmenopausal women in Beijing. Methods A cohort of 863 community-based postmenopausal women with no history of cardiovascular heart disease (CHD), stroke, cance...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Taylor & Francis Group
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Clinical and Experimental Hypertension |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641963.2020.1790584 |
| _version_ | 1797681333550448640 |
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| author | Shaochen Guan Xianghua Fang Xiang Gu Zhongying Zhang Zhe Tang Xiaoguang Wu Hongjun Liu Chunxiu Wang |
| author_facet | Shaochen Guan Xianghua Fang Xiang Gu Zhongying Zhang Zhe Tang Xiaoguang Wu Hongjun Liu Chunxiu Wang |
| author_sort | Shaochen Guan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective To explore the association of depression, as well as untreated hypertension or diabetes with all-cause death in community-based postmenopausal women in Beijing. Methods A cohort of 863 community-based postmenopausal women with no history of cardiovascular heart disease (CHD), stroke, cancer, or dementia was investigated on 20 July–28 September 2009 at baseline. Depression was diagnosed using the 30-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale with CES-D ≥ 11. Meanwhile, data on health behavior, physical comorbidity, and social support at baseline were collected. These individuals were followed up from 20 July to 30 August 2014. All-cause mortality and cause of death were surveyed. Results After a median follow-up of 4.97 years, 120 subjects died of all-cause. Twenty-four died of stroke, 19 died of myocardial infarction, 21 died of cancer. The others died of aging, infection, and accident. Depression and untreated HP were significantly associated with all-cause mortality in Cox models after full adjustment for all of the potential confounders (Depression HR: 2.16, 95%CI: 1.35–3.46; Untreated hypertension HR: 1.84, 95%CI: 1.12–3.02). However, negative correlation of untreated diabetes on all-cause mortality was observed in this population (HR: 1.36, 95%CI: 0.75–2.49). When depression was co-existing with hypertension/diabetes, the HR for mortality elevated significantly (Depression co-existing with hypertension HR = 3.87, 95% CI: 2.07–7.23; Depression co-existing with diabetes HR = 5.02, 95% CI: 1.5–16.79). Conclusions It is suggested we should take sufficient care of postmenopausal females with depression and control blood pressure and glucose more effectively. Abbreviations: HP: Hypertension; DM: Diabetes; TC: Cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; BMI: Body-Mass Index; CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression; CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; HR: Hazard Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval; ADL: Activities of daily living scale |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T23:43:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d8327db2cf774029ab421c7de00d8fb1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1064-1963 1525-6006 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T23:43:21Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Clinical and Experimental Hypertension |
| spelling | doaj.art-d8327db2cf774029ab421c7de00d8fb12023-09-19T15:19:29ZengTaylor & Francis GroupClinical and Experimental Hypertension1064-19631525-60062021-01-014311610.1080/10641963.2020.17905841790584The link of depression, untreated hypertension, and diabetes with mortality in postmenopausal women: A cohort studyShaochen Guan0Xianghua Fang1Xiang Gu2Zhongying Zhang3Zhe Tang4Xiaoguang Wu5Hongjun Liu6Chunxiu Wang7Capital Medical UniversityCapital Medical UniversityCapital Medical UniversityCapital Medical UniversityKey Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of EducationCapital Medical UniversityCapital Medical UniversityCapital Medical UniversityObjective To explore the association of depression, as well as untreated hypertension or diabetes with all-cause death in community-based postmenopausal women in Beijing. Methods A cohort of 863 community-based postmenopausal women with no history of cardiovascular heart disease (CHD), stroke, cancer, or dementia was investigated on 20 July–28 September 2009 at baseline. Depression was diagnosed using the 30-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale with CES-D ≥ 11. Meanwhile, data on health behavior, physical comorbidity, and social support at baseline were collected. These individuals were followed up from 20 July to 30 August 2014. All-cause mortality and cause of death were surveyed. Results After a median follow-up of 4.97 years, 120 subjects died of all-cause. Twenty-four died of stroke, 19 died of myocardial infarction, 21 died of cancer. The others died of aging, infection, and accident. Depression and untreated HP were significantly associated with all-cause mortality in Cox models after full adjustment for all of the potential confounders (Depression HR: 2.16, 95%CI: 1.35–3.46; Untreated hypertension HR: 1.84, 95%CI: 1.12–3.02). However, negative correlation of untreated diabetes on all-cause mortality was observed in this population (HR: 1.36, 95%CI: 0.75–2.49). When depression was co-existing with hypertension/diabetes, the HR for mortality elevated significantly (Depression co-existing with hypertension HR = 3.87, 95% CI: 2.07–7.23; Depression co-existing with diabetes HR = 5.02, 95% CI: 1.5–16.79). Conclusions It is suggested we should take sufficient care of postmenopausal females with depression and control blood pressure and glucose more effectively. Abbreviations: HP: Hypertension; DM: Diabetes; TC: Cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; BMI: Body-Mass Index; CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression; CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; HR: Hazard Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval; ADL: Activities of daily living scalehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641963.2020.1790584all-cause deathdepressiondiabetes mellitusepidemiologyhypertension |
| spellingShingle | Shaochen Guan Xianghua Fang Xiang Gu Zhongying Zhang Zhe Tang Xiaoguang Wu Hongjun Liu Chunxiu Wang The link of depression, untreated hypertension, and diabetes with mortality in postmenopausal women: A cohort study Clinical and Experimental Hypertension all-cause death depression diabetes mellitus epidemiology hypertension |
| title | The link of depression, untreated hypertension, and diabetes with mortality in postmenopausal women: A cohort study |
| title_full | The link of depression, untreated hypertension, and diabetes with mortality in postmenopausal women: A cohort study |
| title_fullStr | The link of depression, untreated hypertension, and diabetes with mortality in postmenopausal women: A cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The link of depression, untreated hypertension, and diabetes with mortality in postmenopausal women: A cohort study |
| title_short | The link of depression, untreated hypertension, and diabetes with mortality in postmenopausal women: A cohort study |
| title_sort | link of depression untreated hypertension and diabetes with mortality in postmenopausal women a cohort study |
| topic | all-cause death depression diabetes mellitus epidemiology hypertension |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641963.2020.1790584 |
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