Plants’ Response Mechanisms to Salinity Stress
Soil salinization is a severe abiotic stress that negatively affects plant growth and development, leading to physiological abnormalities and ultimately threatening global food security. The condition arises from excessive salt accumulation in the soil, primarily due to anthropogenic activities such...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/12/2253 |
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| author | Thuvaraki Balasubramaniam Guoxin Shen Nardana Esmaeili Hong Zhang |
| author_facet | Thuvaraki Balasubramaniam Guoxin Shen Nardana Esmaeili Hong Zhang |
| author_sort | Thuvaraki Balasubramaniam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Soil salinization is a severe abiotic stress that negatively affects plant growth and development, leading to physiological abnormalities and ultimately threatening global food security. The condition arises from excessive salt accumulation in the soil, primarily due to anthropogenic activities such as irrigation, improper land uses, and overfertilization. The presence of Na⁺, Cl<sup>−</sup>, and other related ions in the soil above normal levels can disrupt plant cellular functions and lead to alterations in essential metabolic processes such as seed germination and photosynthesis, causing severe damage to plant tissues and even plant death in the worst circumstances. To counteract the effects of salt stress, plants have developed various mechanisms, including modulating ion homeostasis, ion compartmentalization and export, and the biosynthesis of osmoprotectants. Recent advances in genomic and proteomic technologies have enabled the identification of genes and proteins involved in plant salt-tolerance mechanisms. This review provides a short overview of the impact of salinity stress on plants and the underlying mechanisms of salt-stress tolerance, particularly the functions of salt-stress-responsive genes associated with these mechanisms. This review aims at summarizing recent advances in our understanding of salt-stress tolerance mechanisms, providing the key background knowledge for improving crops’ salt tolerance, which could contribute to the yield and quality enhancement in major crops grown under saline conditions or in arid and semiarid regions of the world. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:02:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d834bcfed8524cd28c15b6d67ae3da42 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:02:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-d834bcfed8524cd28c15b6d67ae3da422023-11-18T12:09:32ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-06-011212225310.3390/plants12122253Plants’ Response Mechanisms to Salinity StressThuvaraki Balasubramaniam0Guoxin Shen1Nardana Esmaeili2Hong Zhang3Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USAZhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, ChinaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USASoil salinization is a severe abiotic stress that negatively affects plant growth and development, leading to physiological abnormalities and ultimately threatening global food security. The condition arises from excessive salt accumulation in the soil, primarily due to anthropogenic activities such as irrigation, improper land uses, and overfertilization. The presence of Na⁺, Cl<sup>−</sup>, and other related ions in the soil above normal levels can disrupt plant cellular functions and lead to alterations in essential metabolic processes such as seed germination and photosynthesis, causing severe damage to plant tissues and even plant death in the worst circumstances. To counteract the effects of salt stress, plants have developed various mechanisms, including modulating ion homeostasis, ion compartmentalization and export, and the biosynthesis of osmoprotectants. Recent advances in genomic and proteomic technologies have enabled the identification of genes and proteins involved in plant salt-tolerance mechanisms. This review provides a short overview of the impact of salinity stress on plants and the underlying mechanisms of salt-stress tolerance, particularly the functions of salt-stress-responsive genes associated with these mechanisms. This review aims at summarizing recent advances in our understanding of salt-stress tolerance mechanisms, providing the key background knowledge for improving crops’ salt tolerance, which could contribute to the yield and quality enhancement in major crops grown under saline conditions or in arid and semiarid regions of the world.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/12/2253anthropogenic activitiesion homeostasissalinizationsalt toleranceseed germination |
| spellingShingle | Thuvaraki Balasubramaniam Guoxin Shen Nardana Esmaeili Hong Zhang Plants’ Response Mechanisms to Salinity Stress Plants anthropogenic activities ion homeostasis salinization salt tolerance seed germination |
| title | Plants’ Response Mechanisms to Salinity Stress |
| title_full | Plants’ Response Mechanisms to Salinity Stress |
| title_fullStr | Plants’ Response Mechanisms to Salinity Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plants’ Response Mechanisms to Salinity Stress |
| title_short | Plants’ Response Mechanisms to Salinity Stress |
| title_sort | plants response mechanisms to salinity stress |
| topic | anthropogenic activities ion homeostasis salinization salt tolerance seed germination |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/12/2253 |
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