Synthesis and Characterization of <i>p-n</i> Junction Ternary Mixed Oxides for Photocatalytic Coprocessing of CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O
In the present paper, we report the synthesis and characterization of both binary (Cu<sub>2</sub>O, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and ternary (Cu<sub>2</sub>O-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>...
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| author | Davide M. S. Marcolongo Francesco Nocito Nicoletta Ditaranto Michele Aresta Angela Dibenedetto |
| author_facet | Davide M. S. Marcolongo Francesco Nocito Nicoletta Ditaranto Michele Aresta Angela Dibenedetto |
| author_sort | Davide M. S. Marcolongo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the present paper, we report the synthesis and characterization of both binary (Cu<sub>2</sub>O, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and ternary (Cu<sub>2</sub>O-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Cu<sub>2</sub>O-In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) transition metal mixed-oxides that may find application as photocatalysts for solar driven CO<sub>2</sub> conversion into energy rich species. Two different preparation techniques (High Energy Milling (HEM) and Co-Precipitation (CP)) are compared and materials properties are studied by means of a variety of characterization and analytical techniques UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-VIS DRS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectrometry (EDX). Appropriate data elaboration methods are used to extract materials bandgap for Cu<sub>2</sub>O@Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Cu<sub>2</sub>O@In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> prepared by HEM and CP, and foresee whether the newly prepared semiconductor mixed oxides pairs are useful for application in CO<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O coprocessing. The experimental results show that the synthetic technique influences the photoactivity of the materials that can correctly be foreseen on the basis of bandgap experimentally derived. Of the mixed oxides prepared and described in this work, only Cu<sub>2</sub>O@In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> shows positive results in CO<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O photo-co-processing. Preliminary results show that the composition and synthetic methodologies of mixed-oxides, the reactor geometry, the way of dispersing the photocatalyst sample, play a key role in the light driven reaction of CO<sub>2</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>O. This work is a rare case of full characterization of photo-materials, using UV-Visible DRS, XPS, XRD, TEM, EDX for the surface and bulk analytical characterization. Surface composition may not be the same of the bulk composition and plays a key role in photocatalysts behavior. We show that a full material knowledge is necessary for the correct forecast of their photocatalytic behavior, inferred from experimentally determined bandgaps. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:41:14Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-d83e208a23904080a25bb030e0f1d72b2023-11-20T12:03:44ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442020-08-0110998010.3390/catal10090980Synthesis and Characterization of <i>p-n</i> Junction Ternary Mixed Oxides for Photocatalytic Coprocessing of CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>ODavide M. S. Marcolongo0Francesco Nocito1Nicoletta Ditaranto2Michele Aresta3Angela Dibenedetto4Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, ItalyDipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, ItalyDipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, ItalyIC2R srl, Tecnopolis, Via Casamassima km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, ItalyDipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, ItalyIn the present paper, we report the synthesis and characterization of both binary (Cu<sub>2</sub>O, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and ternary (Cu<sub>2</sub>O-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Cu<sub>2</sub>O-In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) transition metal mixed-oxides that may find application as photocatalysts for solar driven CO<sub>2</sub> conversion into energy rich species. Two different preparation techniques (High Energy Milling (HEM) and Co-Precipitation (CP)) are compared and materials properties are studied by means of a variety of characterization and analytical techniques UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-VIS DRS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectrometry (EDX). Appropriate data elaboration methods are used to extract materials bandgap for Cu<sub>2</sub>O@Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Cu<sub>2</sub>O@In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> prepared by HEM and CP, and foresee whether the newly prepared semiconductor mixed oxides pairs are useful for application in CO<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O coprocessing. The experimental results show that the synthetic technique influences the photoactivity of the materials that can correctly be foreseen on the basis of bandgap experimentally derived. Of the mixed oxides prepared and described in this work, only Cu<sub>2</sub>O@In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> shows positive results in CO<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O photo-co-processing. Preliminary results show that the composition and synthetic methodologies of mixed-oxides, the reactor geometry, the way of dispersing the photocatalyst sample, play a key role in the light driven reaction of CO<sub>2</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>O. This work is a rare case of full characterization of photo-materials, using UV-Visible DRS, XPS, XRD, TEM, EDX for the surface and bulk analytical characterization. Surface composition may not be the same of the bulk composition and plays a key role in photocatalysts behavior. We show that a full material knowledge is necessary for the correct forecast of their photocatalytic behavior, inferred from experimentally determined bandgaps.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/9/980CO<sub>2</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>O photo-co-processingVIS-light driven reactionsCO<sub>2</sub> reductionphotocatalysts properties |
| spellingShingle | Davide M. S. Marcolongo Francesco Nocito Nicoletta Ditaranto Michele Aresta Angela Dibenedetto Synthesis and Characterization of <i>p-n</i> Junction Ternary Mixed Oxides for Photocatalytic Coprocessing of CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O Catalysts CO<sub>2</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>O photo-co-processing VIS-light driven reactions CO<sub>2</sub> reduction photocatalysts properties |
| title | Synthesis and Characterization of <i>p-n</i> Junction Ternary Mixed Oxides for Photocatalytic Coprocessing of CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O |
| title_full | Synthesis and Characterization of <i>p-n</i> Junction Ternary Mixed Oxides for Photocatalytic Coprocessing of CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis and Characterization of <i>p-n</i> Junction Ternary Mixed Oxides for Photocatalytic Coprocessing of CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis and Characterization of <i>p-n</i> Junction Ternary Mixed Oxides for Photocatalytic Coprocessing of CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O |
| title_short | Synthesis and Characterization of <i>p-n</i> Junction Ternary Mixed Oxides for Photocatalytic Coprocessing of CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O |
| title_sort | synthesis and characterization of i p n i junction ternary mixed oxides for photocatalytic coprocessing of co sub 2 sub and h sub 2 sub o |
| topic | CO<sub>2</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>O photo-co-processing VIS-light driven reactions CO<sub>2</sub> reduction photocatalysts properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/9/980 |
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