Vanadium-Containing Anionic Chelate for Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceuticals
Four azo dyes known to form anionic complexes with V(V) were investigated as potential liquid–liquid extraction–spectrophotometric reagents for the antihistamine medication hydroxyzine hydrochloride (HZH). A stable ion-association complex suitable for analytical purposes was obtained with 6-hexyl-4-...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-03-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/6/2484 |
| _version_ | 1797609958556041216 |
|---|---|
| author | Gergana Kirilova Kirova Zdravka Yancheva Velkova Vassil Borisov Delchev Kiril Blazhev Gavazov |
| author_facet | Gergana Kirilova Kirova Zdravka Yancheva Velkova Vassil Borisov Delchev Kiril Blazhev Gavazov |
| author_sort | Gergana Kirilova Kirova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Four azo dyes known to form anionic complexes with V(V) were investigated as potential liquid–liquid extraction–spectrophotometric reagents for the antihistamine medication hydroxyzine hydrochloride (HZH). A stable ion-association complex suitable for analytical purposes was obtained with 6-hexyl-4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol (HTAR). The molar absorption coefficient, limit of detection, linear working range, and relative standard deviation in the analysis of real pharmaceutical samples (tablets and syrup) were 3.50 × 10<sup>4</sup> L mol<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−1</sup>, 0.13 μg mL<sup>−1</sup>, 0.43–12.2 μg mL<sup>−1</sup>, and ≤2.7%, respectively. After elucidating the molar ratio in the extracted ion-association complex (HZH:V = 1:1), the ground-state equilibrium geometries of the two constituent ions—HZH<sup>+</sup> and [VO<sub>2</sub>(HTAR)]<sup>−</sup>—were optimized at the B3LYP level of theory using 6-311++G** basis functions. The cation and anion were then paired in four different ways to find the most likely structure of the extracted species. In the lowest-energy structure, the VO<sub>2</sub> group interacts predominantly with the heterochain of the cation. A hydrogen bond is present (V–O···H–O; 1.714 Å) involving the terminal oxygen of this chain. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:08:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d841a148ab9444e89bb120c8d39c8a89 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:08:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-d841a148ab9444e89bb120c8d39c8a892023-11-17T12:50:58ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-03-01286248410.3390/molecules28062484Vanadium-Containing Anionic Chelate for Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride in PharmaceuticalsGergana Kirilova Kirova0Zdravka Yancheva Velkova1Vassil Borisov Delchev2Kiril Blazhev Gavazov3Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 120 Buxton Bros Str., 4004 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 120 Buxton Bros Str., 4004 Plovdiv, BulgariaFaculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv ‘Paisii Hilendarskii’, 24 Tsar Assen St., 4000 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 120 Buxton Bros Str., 4004 Plovdiv, BulgariaFour azo dyes known to form anionic complexes with V(V) were investigated as potential liquid–liquid extraction–spectrophotometric reagents for the antihistamine medication hydroxyzine hydrochloride (HZH). A stable ion-association complex suitable for analytical purposes was obtained with 6-hexyl-4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol (HTAR). The molar absorption coefficient, limit of detection, linear working range, and relative standard deviation in the analysis of real pharmaceutical samples (tablets and syrup) were 3.50 × 10<sup>4</sup> L mol<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−1</sup>, 0.13 μg mL<sup>−1</sup>, 0.43–12.2 μg mL<sup>−1</sup>, and ≤2.7%, respectively. After elucidating the molar ratio in the extracted ion-association complex (HZH:V = 1:1), the ground-state equilibrium geometries of the two constituent ions—HZH<sup>+</sup> and [VO<sub>2</sub>(HTAR)]<sup>−</sup>—were optimized at the B3LYP level of theory using 6-311++G** basis functions. The cation and anion were then paired in four different ways to find the most likely structure of the extracted species. In the lowest-energy structure, the VO<sub>2</sub> group interacts predominantly with the heterochain of the cation. A hydrogen bond is present (V–O···H–O; 1.714 Å) involving the terminal oxygen of this chain.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/6/2484hydroxyzinevanadium(V)6-hexyl-4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinolspectrophotometric determinationliquid–liquid extractionion association |
| spellingShingle | Gergana Kirilova Kirova Zdravka Yancheva Velkova Vassil Borisov Delchev Kiril Blazhev Gavazov Vanadium-Containing Anionic Chelate for Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceuticals Molecules hydroxyzine vanadium(V) 6-hexyl-4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol spectrophotometric determination liquid–liquid extraction ion association |
| title | Vanadium-Containing Anionic Chelate for Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceuticals |
| title_full | Vanadium-Containing Anionic Chelate for Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceuticals |
| title_fullStr | Vanadium-Containing Anionic Chelate for Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceuticals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vanadium-Containing Anionic Chelate for Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceuticals |
| title_short | Vanadium-Containing Anionic Chelate for Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceuticals |
| title_sort | vanadium containing anionic chelate for spectrophotometric determination of hydroxyzine hydrochloride in pharmaceuticals |
| topic | hydroxyzine vanadium(V) 6-hexyl-4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol spectrophotometric determination liquid–liquid extraction ion association |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/6/2484 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gerganakirilovakirova vanadiumcontaininganionicchelateforspectrophotometricdeterminationofhydroxyzinehydrochlorideinpharmaceuticals AT zdravkayanchevavelkova vanadiumcontaininganionicchelateforspectrophotometricdeterminationofhydroxyzinehydrochlorideinpharmaceuticals AT vassilborisovdelchev vanadiumcontaininganionicchelateforspectrophotometricdeterminationofhydroxyzinehydrochlorideinpharmaceuticals AT kirilblazhevgavazov vanadiumcontaininganionicchelateforspectrophotometricdeterminationofhydroxyzinehydrochlorideinpharmaceuticals |