Increased Expression of Circulating Stress Markers, Inflammatory Cytokines and Decreased Antioxidant Level in Diabetic Nephropathy
<i>Background and Objectives:</i> The main objective of the present study was to determine the role of oxidative markers (glutathione (GSH), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) and inflammatory biomarkers (interle...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/58/11/1604 |
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| author | Ghazal Mansoor Muhammad Tahir Tahir Maqbool Sana Qanber Abbasi Faheem Hadi Tania Ahmad Shakoori Shabana Akhtar Muhammad Rafiq Muhammad Ashraf Inam Ullah |
| author_facet | Ghazal Mansoor Muhammad Tahir Tahir Maqbool Sana Qanber Abbasi Faheem Hadi Tania Ahmad Shakoori Shabana Akhtar Muhammad Rafiq Muhammad Ashraf Inam Ullah |
| author_sort | Ghazal Mansoor |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Background and Objectives:</i> The main objective of the present study was to determine the role of oxidative markers (glutathione (GSH), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) and inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin-6 IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), myeloperoxide (MPO)) in the development of diabetic nephropathy along with routinely used biochemical parameters. <i>Materials and Method:</i> This was a case control study. All the selected patients were screened and enrolled by convenient non-probability sampling technique at the Jinnah hospital in Lahore. Informed consent was obtained before enrollment of the study subjects. A total of 450 patients enrolled in the study, and they were divided into three groups, 150 subjects with type 2 diabetes and 150 diagnosed diabetic nephropathy (DN) vs. 150 healthy individuals as a control group. Five mL of venous blood sample was taken from the antecubital vein of each participant. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS. The results of all variables were evaluated by using one way ANOVA. <i>Results:</i> The mean value of biochemical parameters (WBCs, platelets, prothrombin time, HbA1c, glucose, urinary albumin-to creatinine ratio (UACR), triglycerides, LDL, HDL, serum creatinine, urinary albumin (creatinine)) were increased and Hb (g/dL), red blood cells (RBCs), hematocrit (Hct), free serum insulin levels, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were decreased in the nephropathy group compared to the control and type 2 diabetes groups. The mean values of MDA, AGE, and AOPPs in type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy were significantly increased compared to the control group. GSH level was decreased in type 2 diabetics and DN patients as compared to the control group. In addition, IL-6, TNFα, and MPO levels were also increased in case of diabetes nephropathy compared to controls. <i>Conclusions:</i> ROS mediated injuries can be prevented by the restoration of an antioxidant defense system, through the administration of antioxidant agents. Moreover, increased levels of inflammatory mediators are responsible for enhancing inflammation in patients with diabetic nephropathy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:52:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d85742f3a7fd4ad1ae651f31a745b3ce |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:52:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj.art-d85742f3a7fd4ad1ae651f31a745b3ce2023-11-24T05:47:32ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442022-11-015811160410.3390/medicina58111604Increased Expression of Circulating Stress Markers, Inflammatory Cytokines and Decreased Antioxidant Level in Diabetic NephropathyGhazal Mansoor0Muhammad Tahir1Tahir Maqbool2Sana Qanber Abbasi3Faheem Hadi4Tania Ahmad Shakoori5Shabana Akhtar6Muhammad Rafiq7Muhammad Ashraf8Inam Ullah9Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54660, PakistanCentre for Research in Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54660, PakistanCentre for Research in Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54660, PakistanDepartment of Physiology, Shareef Medical and Dental College, Lahore 54000, PakistanCentre for Research in Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54660, PakistanCentre for Research in Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54660, PakistanCentre for Research in Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54660, PakistanCentre for Research in Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54660, PakistanCentre for Research in Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54660, PakistanCentre for Research in Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54660, Pakistan<i>Background and Objectives:</i> The main objective of the present study was to determine the role of oxidative markers (glutathione (GSH), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) and inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin-6 IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), myeloperoxide (MPO)) in the development of diabetic nephropathy along with routinely used biochemical parameters. <i>Materials and Method:</i> This was a case control study. All the selected patients were screened and enrolled by convenient non-probability sampling technique at the Jinnah hospital in Lahore. Informed consent was obtained before enrollment of the study subjects. A total of 450 patients enrolled in the study, and they were divided into three groups, 150 subjects with type 2 diabetes and 150 diagnosed diabetic nephropathy (DN) vs. 150 healthy individuals as a control group. Five mL of venous blood sample was taken from the antecubital vein of each participant. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS. The results of all variables were evaluated by using one way ANOVA. <i>Results:</i> The mean value of biochemical parameters (WBCs, platelets, prothrombin time, HbA1c, glucose, urinary albumin-to creatinine ratio (UACR), triglycerides, LDL, HDL, serum creatinine, urinary albumin (creatinine)) were increased and Hb (g/dL), red blood cells (RBCs), hematocrit (Hct), free serum insulin levels, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were decreased in the nephropathy group compared to the control and type 2 diabetes groups. The mean values of MDA, AGE, and AOPPs in type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy were significantly increased compared to the control group. GSH level was decreased in type 2 diabetics and DN patients as compared to the control group. In addition, IL-6, TNFα, and MPO levels were also increased in case of diabetes nephropathy compared to controls. <i>Conclusions:</i> ROS mediated injuries can be prevented by the restoration of an antioxidant defense system, through the administration of antioxidant agents. Moreover, increased levels of inflammatory mediators are responsible for enhancing inflammation in patients with diabetic nephropathy.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/58/11/1604type 2 diabetesdiabetic nephropathyGSHIL6AOPPSMDA |
| spellingShingle | Ghazal Mansoor Muhammad Tahir Tahir Maqbool Sana Qanber Abbasi Faheem Hadi Tania Ahmad Shakoori Shabana Akhtar Muhammad Rafiq Muhammad Ashraf Inam Ullah Increased Expression of Circulating Stress Markers, Inflammatory Cytokines and Decreased Antioxidant Level in Diabetic Nephropathy Medicina type 2 diabetes diabetic nephropathy GSH IL6 AOPPS MDA |
| title | Increased Expression of Circulating Stress Markers, Inflammatory Cytokines and Decreased Antioxidant Level in Diabetic Nephropathy |
| title_full | Increased Expression of Circulating Stress Markers, Inflammatory Cytokines and Decreased Antioxidant Level in Diabetic Nephropathy |
| title_fullStr | Increased Expression of Circulating Stress Markers, Inflammatory Cytokines and Decreased Antioxidant Level in Diabetic Nephropathy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Increased Expression of Circulating Stress Markers, Inflammatory Cytokines and Decreased Antioxidant Level in Diabetic Nephropathy |
| title_short | Increased Expression of Circulating Stress Markers, Inflammatory Cytokines and Decreased Antioxidant Level in Diabetic Nephropathy |
| title_sort | increased expression of circulating stress markers inflammatory cytokines and decreased antioxidant level in diabetic nephropathy |
| topic | type 2 diabetes diabetic nephropathy GSH IL6 AOPPS MDA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/58/11/1604 |
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