Impact of Growing Location on Kakadu Plum Fruit Composition and In Vitro Bioactivity as Determinants of Its Nutraceutical Potential
Growing location is known to affect the metabolite content and functionality of wild harvested fruits. <i>Terminalia ferdinandiana</i>, commonly known as Kakadu plum (KP), is among the most commercially important native Australian bush foods. Therefore, we evaluated the composition and i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Nutraceuticals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1661-3821/3/1/2 |
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| author | Eshetu M. Bobasa Saleha Akter Anh Dao Thi Phan Michael E. Netzel Daniel Cozzolino Simone Osborne Yasmina Sultanbawa |
| author_facet | Eshetu M. Bobasa Saleha Akter Anh Dao Thi Phan Michael E. Netzel Daniel Cozzolino Simone Osborne Yasmina Sultanbawa |
| author_sort | Eshetu M. Bobasa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Growing location is known to affect the metabolite content and functionality of wild harvested fruits. <i>Terminalia ferdinandiana</i>, commonly known as Kakadu plum (KP), is among the most commercially important native Australian bush foods. Therefore, we evaluated the composition and in vitro bioactivity of aqueous acidified ethanol (AAE) and water extracts prepared from KP fruit wild harvested in the Northern Territory (NT) and Western Australia (WA). Compositional analysis included vitamin C, total ellagic acid (TEA), and total phenolic content (TPC), while in vitro bioactivity was assessed through anti-inflammatory (RAW 264.7 macrophages) activity and cell viability (Hep G2) assay. The IC<sub>50</sub> of the extracts ranged from 33.3 to 166.3 µg/mL for NO inhibition and CC<sub>50</sub> from 1676 to 7337 µg/mL for Hep G2 cell viability inhibition. The AAE KP fruit extracts from the NT exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity and impacted Hep G2 cell viability more than other extracts, most likely due to TEA (3189 mg/100 g dry weight (DW)), vitamin C (180.5 mg/g DW) and TPC (196 mg GAE/g DW) being higher than in any other extract. Overall, the findings of the present study are promising for using KP fruit and derived products in functional foods, nutraceuticals, or dietary supplements. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:05:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d8637cb737964be399a0d02cd23e7e62 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-3821 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:05:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutraceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-d8637cb737964be399a0d02cd23e7e622023-11-17T13:03:42ZengMDPI AGNutraceuticals1661-38212022-12-0131132510.3390/nutraceuticals3010002Impact of Growing Location on Kakadu Plum Fruit Composition and In Vitro Bioactivity as Determinants of Its Nutraceutical PotentialEshetu M. Bobasa0Saleha Akter1Anh Dao Thi Phan2Michael E. Netzel3Daniel Cozzolino4Simone Osborne5Yasmina Sultanbawa6ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, AustraliaARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, AustraliaARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, AustraliaARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, AustraliaARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, AustraliaCSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD 4067, AustraliaARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, AustraliaGrowing location is known to affect the metabolite content and functionality of wild harvested fruits. <i>Terminalia ferdinandiana</i>, commonly known as Kakadu plum (KP), is among the most commercially important native Australian bush foods. Therefore, we evaluated the composition and in vitro bioactivity of aqueous acidified ethanol (AAE) and water extracts prepared from KP fruit wild harvested in the Northern Territory (NT) and Western Australia (WA). Compositional analysis included vitamin C, total ellagic acid (TEA), and total phenolic content (TPC), while in vitro bioactivity was assessed through anti-inflammatory (RAW 264.7 macrophages) activity and cell viability (Hep G2) assay. The IC<sub>50</sub> of the extracts ranged from 33.3 to 166.3 µg/mL for NO inhibition and CC<sub>50</sub> from 1676 to 7337 µg/mL for Hep G2 cell viability inhibition. The AAE KP fruit extracts from the NT exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity and impacted Hep G2 cell viability more than other extracts, most likely due to TEA (3189 mg/100 g dry weight (DW)), vitamin C (180.5 mg/g DW) and TPC (196 mg GAE/g DW) being higher than in any other extract. Overall, the findings of the present study are promising for using KP fruit and derived products in functional foods, nutraceuticals, or dietary supplements.https://www.mdpi.com/1661-3821/3/1/2<i>Terminalia ferdinandiana</i>kakadu plumAustralian grownanti-inflammatoryantiproliferativevitamin C |
| spellingShingle | Eshetu M. Bobasa Saleha Akter Anh Dao Thi Phan Michael E. Netzel Daniel Cozzolino Simone Osborne Yasmina Sultanbawa Impact of Growing Location on Kakadu Plum Fruit Composition and In Vitro Bioactivity as Determinants of Its Nutraceutical Potential Nutraceuticals <i>Terminalia ferdinandiana</i> kakadu plum Australian grown anti-inflammatory antiproliferative vitamin C |
| title | Impact of Growing Location on Kakadu Plum Fruit Composition and In Vitro Bioactivity as Determinants of Its Nutraceutical Potential |
| title_full | Impact of Growing Location on Kakadu Plum Fruit Composition and In Vitro Bioactivity as Determinants of Its Nutraceutical Potential |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Growing Location on Kakadu Plum Fruit Composition and In Vitro Bioactivity as Determinants of Its Nutraceutical Potential |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Growing Location on Kakadu Plum Fruit Composition and In Vitro Bioactivity as Determinants of Its Nutraceutical Potential |
| title_short | Impact of Growing Location on Kakadu Plum Fruit Composition and In Vitro Bioactivity as Determinants of Its Nutraceutical Potential |
| title_sort | impact of growing location on kakadu plum fruit composition and in vitro bioactivity as determinants of its nutraceutical potential |
| topic | <i>Terminalia ferdinandiana</i> kakadu plum Australian grown anti-inflammatory antiproliferative vitamin C |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1661-3821/3/1/2 |
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