Pozzolanic Reactions of Metakaolin with Calcium Hydroxide: Review on Hydrate Phase Formations and Effect of Alkali Hydroxides, Carbonates and Sulfates
Metakaolin (MK) has emerged as a highly promising supplementary material in low carbon binders for the construction industry. In wide range of applications, from lime to cement–based materials, its hardening performance relies on the pozzolanic reactivity between MK and calcium hydroxide (CH), resul...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Materials & Design |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026412752300477X |
| _version_ | 1827915262335123456 |
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| author | Kira Weise Neven Ukrainczyk Eduardus Koenders |
| author_facet | Kira Weise Neven Ukrainczyk Eduardus Koenders |
| author_sort | Kira Weise |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Metakaolin (MK) has emerged as a highly promising supplementary material in low carbon binders for the construction industry. In wide range of applications, from lime to cement–based materials, its hardening performance relies on the pozzolanic reactivity between MK and calcium hydroxide (CH), resulting in the formation of diverse calcium-aluminate/silicate hydrates. The reaction sequence is affected by specific conditions dictated by the binder system employed in various applications. To advance the design of binders that reduce the carbon emissions, a systematical review on MK-based reactions is crucial. This review encompasses a broad range of MK/CH ratios and examines the effect of alkali hydroxides, carbonates and sulfates. The focus is on the formation and stability of pozzolanic hydrate phases over time and under different curing temperatures. Additionally, the review addresses the characteristics that directly affect MK reactivity, such as the (calcined) clay structure and the dissolution of the reactants. The systematic findings shed light on the hydrate phase assemblage, enabling a better understanding of the reaction mechanisms in complex systems, like MK cementitious blends. The results of this review serve as a valuable foundation for the development of novel “low-carbon” binder designs and compositions for both cementitious and lime-based binders. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T02:56:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d863e6eeecc34c928b08d5acab6e6ea1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0264-1275 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T02:56:59Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials & Design |
| spelling | doaj.art-d863e6eeecc34c928b08d5acab6e6ea12023-06-28T04:28:40ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752023-07-01231112062Pozzolanic Reactions of Metakaolin with Calcium Hydroxide: Review on Hydrate Phase Formations and Effect of Alkali Hydroxides, Carbonates and SulfatesKira Weise0Neven Ukrainczyk1Eduardus Koenders2Corresponding author.; Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute of Construction and Building Materials, GermanyTechnical University of Darmstadt, Institute of Construction and Building Materials, GermanyTechnical University of Darmstadt, Institute of Construction and Building Materials, GermanyMetakaolin (MK) has emerged as a highly promising supplementary material in low carbon binders for the construction industry. In wide range of applications, from lime to cement–based materials, its hardening performance relies on the pozzolanic reactivity between MK and calcium hydroxide (CH), resulting in the formation of diverse calcium-aluminate/silicate hydrates. The reaction sequence is affected by specific conditions dictated by the binder system employed in various applications. To advance the design of binders that reduce the carbon emissions, a systematical review on MK-based reactions is crucial. This review encompasses a broad range of MK/CH ratios and examines the effect of alkali hydroxides, carbonates and sulfates. The focus is on the formation and stability of pozzolanic hydrate phases over time and under different curing temperatures. Additionally, the review addresses the characteristics that directly affect MK reactivity, such as the (calcined) clay structure and the dissolution of the reactants. The systematic findings shed light on the hydrate phase assemblage, enabling a better understanding of the reaction mechanisms in complex systems, like MK cementitious blends. The results of this review serve as a valuable foundation for the development of novel “low-carbon” binder designs and compositions for both cementitious and lime-based binders.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026412752300477XMetakaolinCalcium hydroxidePozzolanPhase transformationLime mortarSupplementary cementitious materials (SCM) |
| spellingShingle | Kira Weise Neven Ukrainczyk Eduardus Koenders Pozzolanic Reactions of Metakaolin with Calcium Hydroxide: Review on Hydrate Phase Formations and Effect of Alkali Hydroxides, Carbonates and Sulfates Materials & Design Metakaolin Calcium hydroxide Pozzolan Phase transformation Lime mortar Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) |
| title | Pozzolanic Reactions of Metakaolin with Calcium Hydroxide: Review on Hydrate Phase Formations and Effect of Alkali Hydroxides, Carbonates and Sulfates |
| title_full | Pozzolanic Reactions of Metakaolin with Calcium Hydroxide: Review on Hydrate Phase Formations and Effect of Alkali Hydroxides, Carbonates and Sulfates |
| title_fullStr | Pozzolanic Reactions of Metakaolin with Calcium Hydroxide: Review on Hydrate Phase Formations and Effect of Alkali Hydroxides, Carbonates and Sulfates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pozzolanic Reactions of Metakaolin with Calcium Hydroxide: Review on Hydrate Phase Formations and Effect of Alkali Hydroxides, Carbonates and Sulfates |
| title_short | Pozzolanic Reactions of Metakaolin with Calcium Hydroxide: Review on Hydrate Phase Formations and Effect of Alkali Hydroxides, Carbonates and Sulfates |
| title_sort | pozzolanic reactions of metakaolin with calcium hydroxide review on hydrate phase formations and effect of alkali hydroxides carbonates and sulfates |
| topic | Metakaolin Calcium hydroxide Pozzolan Phase transformation Lime mortar Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026412752300477X |
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