Boosting the Immune Response—Combining Local and Immune Therapy for Prostate Cancer Treatment
Due to its slow progression and susceptibility to radical forms of treatment, low-grade PC is associated with high overall survival (OS). With the clinical progression of PC, the therapy is becoming more complex. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) makes PC a difficult target for most...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/18/2793 |
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| author | Jakub Karwacki Aleksander Kiełbik Wojciech Szlasa Natalia Sauer Kamil Kowalczyk Wojciech Krajewski Jolanta Saczko Julita Kulbacka Tomasz Szydełko Bartosz Małkiewicz |
| author_facet | Jakub Karwacki Aleksander Kiełbik Wojciech Szlasa Natalia Sauer Kamil Kowalczyk Wojciech Krajewski Jolanta Saczko Julita Kulbacka Tomasz Szydełko Bartosz Małkiewicz |
| author_sort | Jakub Karwacki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Due to its slow progression and susceptibility to radical forms of treatment, low-grade PC is associated with high overall survival (OS). With the clinical progression of PC, the therapy is becoming more complex. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) makes PC a difficult target for most immunotherapeutics. Its general immune resistance is established by e.g., immune evasion through Treg cells, synthesis of immunosuppressive mediators, and the defective expression of surface neoantigens. The success of sipuleucel-T in clinical trials initiated several other clinical studies that specifically target the immune escape of tumors and eliminate the immunosuppressive properties of the TME. In the settings of PC treatment, this can be commonly achieved with radiation therapy (RT). In addition, focal therapies usually applied for localized PC, such as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy, cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and irreversible electroporation (IRE) were shown to boost the anti-cancer response. Nevertheless, the present guidelines restrict their application to the context of a clinical trial or a prospective cohort study. This review explains how RT and focal therapies enhance the immune response. We also provide data supporting the combination of RT and focal treatments with immune therapies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:27:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d867d42074d449f18405ea4a792065c3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:27:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-d867d42074d449f18405ea4a792065c32023-11-23T15:32:20ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092022-09-011118279310.3390/cells11182793Boosting the Immune Response—Combining Local and Immune Therapy for Prostate Cancer TreatmentJakub Karwacki0Aleksander Kiełbik1Wojciech Szlasa2Natalia Sauer3Kamil Kowalczyk4Wojciech Krajewski5Jolanta Saczko6Julita Kulbacka7Tomasz Szydełko8Bartosz Małkiewicz9University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, PolandUniversity Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Drugs Form Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, PolandUniversity Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, PolandUniversity Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, PolandDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, PolandUniversity Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, PolandUniversity Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, PolandDue to its slow progression and susceptibility to radical forms of treatment, low-grade PC is associated with high overall survival (OS). With the clinical progression of PC, the therapy is becoming more complex. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) makes PC a difficult target for most immunotherapeutics. Its general immune resistance is established by e.g., immune evasion through Treg cells, synthesis of immunosuppressive mediators, and the defective expression of surface neoantigens. The success of sipuleucel-T in clinical trials initiated several other clinical studies that specifically target the immune escape of tumors and eliminate the immunosuppressive properties of the TME. In the settings of PC treatment, this can be commonly achieved with radiation therapy (RT). In addition, focal therapies usually applied for localized PC, such as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy, cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and irreversible electroporation (IRE) were shown to boost the anti-cancer response. Nevertheless, the present guidelines restrict their application to the context of a clinical trial or a prospective cohort study. This review explains how RT and focal therapies enhance the immune response. We also provide data supporting the combination of RT and focal treatments with immune therapies.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/18/2793metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancercancer vaccinesimmunotherapyfocal therapycombination immunotherapytumor immune microenvironment |
| spellingShingle | Jakub Karwacki Aleksander Kiełbik Wojciech Szlasa Natalia Sauer Kamil Kowalczyk Wojciech Krajewski Jolanta Saczko Julita Kulbacka Tomasz Szydełko Bartosz Małkiewicz Boosting the Immune Response—Combining Local and Immune Therapy for Prostate Cancer Treatment Cells metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer cancer vaccines immunotherapy focal therapy combination immunotherapy tumor immune microenvironment |
| title | Boosting the Immune Response—Combining Local and Immune Therapy for Prostate Cancer Treatment |
| title_full | Boosting the Immune Response—Combining Local and Immune Therapy for Prostate Cancer Treatment |
| title_fullStr | Boosting the Immune Response—Combining Local and Immune Therapy for Prostate Cancer Treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Boosting the Immune Response—Combining Local and Immune Therapy for Prostate Cancer Treatment |
| title_short | Boosting the Immune Response—Combining Local and Immune Therapy for Prostate Cancer Treatment |
| title_sort | boosting the immune response combining local and immune therapy for prostate cancer treatment |
| topic | metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer cancer vaccines immunotherapy focal therapy combination immunotherapy tumor immune microenvironment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/18/2793 |
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