Impact of an Immune Modulator Mycobacterium-w on Adaptive Natural Killer Cells and Protection Against COVID-19
The kinetics of NKG2C+ adaptive natural killer (ANK) cells and NKG2A+inhibitory NK (iNK) cells with respect to the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection were studied for 6 months in a cohort of healthcare workers following the administration of the heat-killed Mycobacterium w (Mw group) in comparison to...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.887230/full |
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| author | Sarita Rani Jaiswal Sarita Rani Jaiswal Sarita Rani Jaiswal Jaganath Arunachalam Ashraf Saifullah Rohit Lakhchaura Dhanir Tailor Anupama Mehta Gitali Bhagawati Hemamalini Aiyer Bakulesh Khamar Sanjay V. Malhotra Suparno Chakrabarti Suparno Chakrabarti |
| author_facet | Sarita Rani Jaiswal Sarita Rani Jaiswal Sarita Rani Jaiswal Jaganath Arunachalam Ashraf Saifullah Rohit Lakhchaura Dhanir Tailor Anupama Mehta Gitali Bhagawati Hemamalini Aiyer Bakulesh Khamar Sanjay V. Malhotra Suparno Chakrabarti Suparno Chakrabarti |
| author_sort | Sarita Rani Jaiswal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The kinetics of NKG2C+ adaptive natural killer (ANK) cells and NKG2A+inhibitory NK (iNK) cells with respect to the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection were studied for 6 months in a cohort of healthcare workers following the administration of the heat-killed Mycobacterium w (Mw group) in comparison to a control group. In both groups, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) correlated with lower NKG2C+ANK cells at baseline. There was a significant upregulation of NKG2C expression and IFN-γ release in the Mw group (p=0.0009), particularly in those with a lower baseline NKG2C expression, along with the downregulation of iNK cells (p<0.0001). This translated to a significant reduction in the incidence and severity of COVID-19 in the Mw group (incidence risk ratio-0.15, p=0.0004). RNA-seq analysis at 6 months showed an upregulation of the ANK pathway genes and an enhanced ANK-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) signature. Thus, Mw was observed to have a salutary impact on the ANK cell profile and a long-term upregulation of ANK-ADCC pathways, which could have provided protection against COVID-19 in a non-immune high-risk population. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T04:09:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d87b5e5b06364190ae7b4af8f61af174 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T04:09:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-d87b5e5b06364190ae7b4af8f61af1742022-12-22T03:03:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242022-05-011310.3389/fimmu.2022.887230887230Impact of an Immune Modulator Mycobacterium-w on Adaptive Natural Killer Cells and Protection Against COVID-19Sarita Rani Jaiswal0Sarita Rani Jaiswal1Sarita Rani Jaiswal2Jaganath Arunachalam3Ashraf Saifullah4Rohit Lakhchaura5Dhanir Tailor6Anupama Mehta7Gitali Bhagawati8Hemamalini Aiyer9Bakulesh Khamar10Sanjay V. Malhotra11Suparno Chakrabarti12Suparno Chakrabarti13Cellular Therapy and Immunology, Manashi Chakrabarti Foundation, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Dharamshila Narayana Super-Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, IndiaAmity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, IndiaCellular Therapy and Immunology, Manashi Chakrabarti Foundation, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Dharamshila Narayana Super-Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Dharamshila Narayana Super-Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Cell, Development & Cancer Biology and Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United StatesDepartment of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Dharamshila Narayana Super-Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Dharamshila Narayana Super-speciality Hospital, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Dharamshila Narayana Super-speciality Hospital, New Delhi, IndiaResearch & Development, Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Ahmedabad, IndiaDepartment of Cell, Development & Cancer Biology and Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United StatesCellular Therapy and Immunology, Manashi Chakrabarti Foundation, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Dharamshila Narayana Super-Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, IndiaThe kinetics of NKG2C+ adaptive natural killer (ANK) cells and NKG2A+inhibitory NK (iNK) cells with respect to the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection were studied for 6 months in a cohort of healthcare workers following the administration of the heat-killed Mycobacterium w (Mw group) in comparison to a control group. In both groups, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) correlated with lower NKG2C+ANK cells at baseline. There was a significant upregulation of NKG2C expression and IFN-γ release in the Mw group (p=0.0009), particularly in those with a lower baseline NKG2C expression, along with the downregulation of iNK cells (p<0.0001). This translated to a significant reduction in the incidence and severity of COVID-19 in the Mw group (incidence risk ratio-0.15, p=0.0004). RNA-seq analysis at 6 months showed an upregulation of the ANK pathway genes and an enhanced ANK-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) signature. Thus, Mw was observed to have a salutary impact on the ANK cell profile and a long-term upregulation of ANK-ADCC pathways, which could have provided protection against COVID-19 in a non-immune high-risk population.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.887230/fullMw for COVID-19 Mycobacterium w (Mw)COVID-19SARS-CoV-2innate immunityNKG2Cadaptive NK cells |
| spellingShingle | Sarita Rani Jaiswal Sarita Rani Jaiswal Sarita Rani Jaiswal Jaganath Arunachalam Ashraf Saifullah Rohit Lakhchaura Dhanir Tailor Anupama Mehta Gitali Bhagawati Hemamalini Aiyer Bakulesh Khamar Sanjay V. Malhotra Suparno Chakrabarti Suparno Chakrabarti Impact of an Immune Modulator Mycobacterium-w on Adaptive Natural Killer Cells and Protection Against COVID-19 Frontiers in Immunology Mw for COVID-19 Mycobacterium w (Mw) COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 innate immunity NKG2C adaptive NK cells |
| title | Impact of an Immune Modulator Mycobacterium-w on Adaptive Natural Killer Cells and Protection Against COVID-19 |
| title_full | Impact of an Immune Modulator Mycobacterium-w on Adaptive Natural Killer Cells and Protection Against COVID-19 |
| title_fullStr | Impact of an Immune Modulator Mycobacterium-w on Adaptive Natural Killer Cells and Protection Against COVID-19 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of an Immune Modulator Mycobacterium-w on Adaptive Natural Killer Cells and Protection Against COVID-19 |
| title_short | Impact of an Immune Modulator Mycobacterium-w on Adaptive Natural Killer Cells and Protection Against COVID-19 |
| title_sort | impact of an immune modulator mycobacterium w on adaptive natural killer cells and protection against covid 19 |
| topic | Mw for COVID-19 Mycobacterium w (Mw) COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 innate immunity NKG2C adaptive NK cells |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.887230/full |
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