Application of Natural Coagulants for Pharmaceutical Removal from Water and Wastewater: A Review
Pharmaceutical contamination threatens both humans and the environment, and several technologies have been adapted for the removal of pharmaceuticals. The coagulation-flocculation process demonstrates a feasible solution for pharmaceutical removal. However, the chemical coagulation process has its d...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/2/140 |
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| author | Motasem Y. D. Alazaiza Ahmed Albahnasawi Gomaa A. M. Ali Mohammed J. K. Bashir Dia Eddin Nassani Tahra Al Maskari Salem S. Abu Amr Mohammed Shadi S. Abujazar |
| author_facet | Motasem Y. D. Alazaiza Ahmed Albahnasawi Gomaa A. M. Ali Mohammed J. K. Bashir Dia Eddin Nassani Tahra Al Maskari Salem S. Abu Amr Mohammed Shadi S. Abujazar |
| author_sort | Motasem Y. D. Alazaiza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pharmaceutical contamination threatens both humans and the environment, and several technologies have been adapted for the removal of pharmaceuticals. The coagulation-flocculation process demonstrates a feasible solution for pharmaceutical removal. However, the chemical coagulation process has its drawbacks, such as excessive and toxic sludge production and high production cost. To overcome these shortcomings, the feasibility of natural-based coagulants, due to their biodegradability, safety, and availability, has been investigated by several researchers. This review presented the recent advances of using natural coagulants for pharmaceutical compound removal from aqueous solutions. The main mechanisms of natural coagulants for pharmaceutical removal from water and wastewater are charge neutralization and polymer bridges. Natural coagulants extracted from plants are more commonly investigated than those extracted from animals due to their affordability. Natural coagulants are competitive in terms of their performance and environmental sustainability. Developing a reliable extraction method is required, and therefore further investigation is essential to obtain a complete insight regarding the performance and the effect of environmental factors during pharmaceutical removal by natural coagulants. Finally, the indirect application of natural coagulants is an essential step for implementing green water and wastewater treatment technologies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:21:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d87be3d4d95445de8deede78ec1cdf24 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:21:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-d87be3d4d95445de8deede78ec1cdf242023-11-23T15:43:28ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-01-0114214010.3390/w14020140Application of Natural Coagulants for Pharmaceutical Removal from Water and Wastewater: A ReviewMotasem Y. D. Alazaiza0Ahmed Albahnasawi1Gomaa A. M. Ali2Mohammed J. K. Bashir3Dia Eddin Nassani4Tahra Al Maskari5Salem S. Abu Amr6Mohammed Shadi S. Abujazar7Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, A’Sharqiyah University, Ibra 400, OmanDepartment of Environmental Engineering-Water Center (SUMER), Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli 41400, TurkeyChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, EgyptDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology (FEGT), Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, MalaysiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep 27500, TurkeyDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, A’Sharqiyah University, Ibra 400, OmanFaculty of Engineering, Karabuk University, Demir Campus, Karabuk 78050, TurkeyFaculty of Engineering, Karabuk University, Demir Campus, Karabuk 78050, TurkeyPharmaceutical contamination threatens both humans and the environment, and several technologies have been adapted for the removal of pharmaceuticals. The coagulation-flocculation process demonstrates a feasible solution for pharmaceutical removal. However, the chemical coagulation process has its drawbacks, such as excessive and toxic sludge production and high production cost. To overcome these shortcomings, the feasibility of natural-based coagulants, due to their biodegradability, safety, and availability, has been investigated by several researchers. This review presented the recent advances of using natural coagulants for pharmaceutical compound removal from aqueous solutions. The main mechanisms of natural coagulants for pharmaceutical removal from water and wastewater are charge neutralization and polymer bridges. Natural coagulants extracted from plants are more commonly investigated than those extracted from animals due to their affordability. Natural coagulants are competitive in terms of their performance and environmental sustainability. Developing a reliable extraction method is required, and therefore further investigation is essential to obtain a complete insight regarding the performance and the effect of environmental factors during pharmaceutical removal by natural coagulants. Finally, the indirect application of natural coagulants is an essential step for implementing green water and wastewater treatment technologies.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/2/140natural coagulationchemical coagulationpharmaceuticals<i>Moringa oleifera</i>green treatment technology |
| spellingShingle | Motasem Y. D. Alazaiza Ahmed Albahnasawi Gomaa A. M. Ali Mohammed J. K. Bashir Dia Eddin Nassani Tahra Al Maskari Salem S. Abu Amr Mohammed Shadi S. Abujazar Application of Natural Coagulants for Pharmaceutical Removal from Water and Wastewater: A Review Water natural coagulation chemical coagulation pharmaceuticals <i>Moringa oleifera</i> green treatment technology |
| title | Application of Natural Coagulants for Pharmaceutical Removal from Water and Wastewater: A Review |
| title_full | Application of Natural Coagulants for Pharmaceutical Removal from Water and Wastewater: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Application of Natural Coagulants for Pharmaceutical Removal from Water and Wastewater: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of Natural Coagulants for Pharmaceutical Removal from Water and Wastewater: A Review |
| title_short | Application of Natural Coagulants for Pharmaceutical Removal from Water and Wastewater: A Review |
| title_sort | application of natural coagulants for pharmaceutical removal from water and wastewater a review |
| topic | natural coagulation chemical coagulation pharmaceuticals <i>Moringa oleifera</i> green treatment technology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/2/140 |
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