Investigations on the Interaction Behavior between Direct Reduced Iron and Various Melts
Since the European Union defined ambitious CO<sub>2</sub> emission targets, low-carbon-emission alternatives to the widespread integrated blast furnace (BF)—basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking strategy—are demanded. Direct reduction (DR) with natural gas as the reducing agent, already...
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/16/5691 |
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| author | Andreas Pfeiffer Gerald Wimmer Johannes Schenk |
| author_facet | Andreas Pfeiffer Gerald Wimmer Johannes Schenk |
| author_sort | Andreas Pfeiffer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Since the European Union defined ambitious CO<sub>2</sub> emission targets, low-carbon-emission alternatives to the widespread integrated blast furnace (BF)—basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking strategy—are demanded. Direct reduction (DR) with natural gas as the reducing agent, already an industrially applied technology, is such an alternative. Consequently, the melting behavior of its intermediate product, i.e., direct reduced iron (DRI), in either an electric arc furnace (EAF) or a submerged arc furnace (SAF), is of great interest. Based on the conditions in these aggregates, a test series to experimentally simulate the first few seconds after charging DRI was defined. DRI samples with different carbon contents and hot briquetted iron (HBI) were immersed in high- and low-carbon melts as well as high- and low-iron oxide slags. The reacted samples were quenched in liquid nitrogen. The specimens were qualitatively evaluated by investigating their surfaces and cross sections. The dissolution of carbon-free DRI progressed relatively slowly and was driven by heat transfer. However, carbon, present either in the DRI sample or in the melt, not only accelerated the dissolution process, but also reacted with residual iron oxide in the pellet or the slag. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:02:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d89987bbe8854a8c90aab7c811ac8d1e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:02:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-d89987bbe8854a8c90aab7c811ac8d1e2023-11-30T21:53:32ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-08-011516569110.3390/ma15165691Investigations on the Interaction Behavior between Direct Reduced Iron and Various MeltsAndreas Pfeiffer0Gerald Wimmer1Johannes Schenk2Department of Metallurgy, Chair of Ferrous Metallurgy, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Straße 18, 8700 Leoben, AustriaPrimetals Technologies Austria, 4031 Linz, AustriaDepartment of Metallurgy, Chair of Ferrous Metallurgy, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Straße 18, 8700 Leoben, AustriaSince the European Union defined ambitious CO<sub>2</sub> emission targets, low-carbon-emission alternatives to the widespread integrated blast furnace (BF)—basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking strategy—are demanded. Direct reduction (DR) with natural gas as the reducing agent, already an industrially applied technology, is such an alternative. Consequently, the melting behavior of its intermediate product, i.e., direct reduced iron (DRI), in either an electric arc furnace (EAF) or a submerged arc furnace (SAF), is of great interest. Based on the conditions in these aggregates, a test series to experimentally simulate the first few seconds after charging DRI was defined. DRI samples with different carbon contents and hot briquetted iron (HBI) were immersed in high- and low-carbon melts as well as high- and low-iron oxide slags. The reacted samples were quenched in liquid nitrogen. The specimens were qualitatively evaluated by investigating their surfaces and cross sections. The dissolution of carbon-free DRI progressed relatively slowly and was driven by heat transfer. However, carbon, present either in the DRI sample or in the melt, not only accelerated the dissolution process, but also reacted with residual iron oxide in the pellet or the slag.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/16/5691direct reduced ironelectric arc furnacelow-CO<sub>2</sub> steelmakingsubmerged arc furnacehydrogen-based steelmakingDRI dissolution |
| spellingShingle | Andreas Pfeiffer Gerald Wimmer Johannes Schenk Investigations on the Interaction Behavior between Direct Reduced Iron and Various Melts Materials direct reduced iron electric arc furnace low-CO<sub>2</sub> steelmaking submerged arc furnace hydrogen-based steelmaking DRI dissolution |
| title | Investigations on the Interaction Behavior between Direct Reduced Iron and Various Melts |
| title_full | Investigations on the Interaction Behavior between Direct Reduced Iron and Various Melts |
| title_fullStr | Investigations on the Interaction Behavior between Direct Reduced Iron and Various Melts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigations on the Interaction Behavior between Direct Reduced Iron and Various Melts |
| title_short | Investigations on the Interaction Behavior between Direct Reduced Iron and Various Melts |
| title_sort | investigations on the interaction behavior between direct reduced iron and various melts |
| topic | direct reduced iron electric arc furnace low-CO<sub>2</sub> steelmaking submerged arc furnace hydrogen-based steelmaking DRI dissolution |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/16/5691 |
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