Non-Negligible Role of Trace Elements in Influenza Virus Infection
Influenza virus has continuously spread around the globe for more than 100 years since the first influenza epidemic in 1918. The rapid and unpredictable gene variation of the influenza virus could possibly bring about another pandemic in future, which might threaten to overwhelm us without adequate...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/2/184 |
| _version_ | 1827756533995274240 |
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| author | Shan Xu Duanyang Wang Wenqi Zhao Qinglin Wei Yigang Tong |
| author_facet | Shan Xu Duanyang Wang Wenqi Zhao Qinglin Wei Yigang Tong |
| author_sort | Shan Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Influenza virus has continuously spread around the globe for more than 100 years since the first influenza epidemic in 1918. The rapid and unpredictable gene variation of the influenza virus could possibly bring about another pandemic in future, which might threaten to overwhelm us without adequate preparation. Consequently, it is extremely urgent to identify effective broad-spectrum antiviral treatments for a variety of influenza virus variants. As essential body components, trace elements are great potential candidates with an as yet poorly understood ability to protect the host from influenza infection. Herein, we have summarized the present state of knowledge concerning the function of trace elements in influenza virus replication along with an analysis of their potential molecular mechanisms. Modulation of host immune responses to the influenza virus is one of the most common modes to achieve the anti-influenza activity of trace elements, such as selenium and zinc. Simultaneously, some antioxidant and antiviral signal pathways can be altered with the participation of trace elements. More interestingly, some micro-elements including selenium, zinc, copper and manganese, directly target viral proteins and regulate their stability and activity to influence the life cycle of the influenza virus. Further verification of the antiviral effect and the mechanism will promote the application of trace elements as adjuvants in the clinic. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:26:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d8a1dec158794f51a4b2c01181a7db3c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:26:40Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-d8a1dec158794f51a4b2c01181a7db3c2023-11-16T22:04:04ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892023-01-0113218410.3390/metabo13020184Non-Negligible Role of Trace Elements in Influenza Virus InfectionShan Xu0Duanyang Wang1Wenqi Zhao2Qinglin Wei3Yigang Tong4College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100089, ChinaCollege of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100089, ChinaCollege of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100089, ChinaCollege of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100089, ChinaCollege of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100089, ChinaInfluenza virus has continuously spread around the globe for more than 100 years since the first influenza epidemic in 1918. The rapid and unpredictable gene variation of the influenza virus could possibly bring about another pandemic in future, which might threaten to overwhelm us without adequate preparation. Consequently, it is extremely urgent to identify effective broad-spectrum antiviral treatments for a variety of influenza virus variants. As essential body components, trace elements are great potential candidates with an as yet poorly understood ability to protect the host from influenza infection. Herein, we have summarized the present state of knowledge concerning the function of trace elements in influenza virus replication along with an analysis of their potential molecular mechanisms. Modulation of host immune responses to the influenza virus is one of the most common modes to achieve the anti-influenza activity of trace elements, such as selenium and zinc. Simultaneously, some antioxidant and antiviral signal pathways can be altered with the participation of trace elements. More interestingly, some micro-elements including selenium, zinc, copper and manganese, directly target viral proteins and regulate their stability and activity to influence the life cycle of the influenza virus. Further verification of the antiviral effect and the mechanism will promote the application of trace elements as adjuvants in the clinic.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/2/184influenza virustrace elementsantiviral treatmentsseleniumimmune responsesadjuvants |
| spellingShingle | Shan Xu Duanyang Wang Wenqi Zhao Qinglin Wei Yigang Tong Non-Negligible Role of Trace Elements in Influenza Virus Infection Metabolites influenza virus trace elements antiviral treatments selenium immune responses adjuvants |
| title | Non-Negligible Role of Trace Elements in Influenza Virus Infection |
| title_full | Non-Negligible Role of Trace Elements in Influenza Virus Infection |
| title_fullStr | Non-Negligible Role of Trace Elements in Influenza Virus Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Non-Negligible Role of Trace Elements in Influenza Virus Infection |
| title_short | Non-Negligible Role of Trace Elements in Influenza Virus Infection |
| title_sort | non negligible role of trace elements in influenza virus infection |
| topic | influenza virus trace elements antiviral treatments selenium immune responses adjuvants |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/2/184 |
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