Magnetized Saline Water Irrigation Enhances Soil Chemical and Physical Properties
Due to rapid population growth and pressure on water resources, it is necessary to use economic and non-traditional techniques for irrigation. One of these techniques is the use of salt water after treatment with a magnetic force. A simulation experiment was conducted with soil columns using three q...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/24/4048 |
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| author | Ahmed Elsayed Abdelghany Ahmed I. Abdo Mohamed G. Alashram Kamel Mohamed Eltohamy Jiabei Li Youzhen Xiang Fucang Zhang |
| author_facet | Ahmed Elsayed Abdelghany Ahmed I. Abdo Mohamed G. Alashram Kamel Mohamed Eltohamy Jiabei Li Youzhen Xiang Fucang Zhang |
| author_sort | Ahmed Elsayed Abdelghany |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Due to rapid population growth and pressure on water resources, it is necessary to use economic and non-traditional techniques for irrigation. One of these techniques is the use of salt water after treatment with a magnetic force. A simulation experiment was conducted with soil columns using three quantities of saline water: 0, 3, and 6 g L<sup>−1</sup> (S<sub>0</sub>, S<sub>3</sub>, and S<sub>6</sub>). Magnetic forces of 0, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, and 7000 gauss were used to study the effects of magnetic forces on leachate and soil physicochemical properties at different depths. The results at all soil depths showed that the pH decreased with increasing salinity from S<sub>0</sub> to S3 and S<sub>6</sub> by an average of 8.44, 8.28, and 8.27%, respectively. Soil EC decreased significantly with depth by 10–35%. The maximum <i>SAR</i>, <i>SSP</i>, and <i>CROSS</i> values (16.3, 51.1, and 17.6, respectively) were reported when no magnetic force was used, while the lowest values (13.9, 49.9, and 15.3) were recorded when using 3000 gauss under S<sub>6</sub> within the soil profile. Magnetizing the water halved the EC of the leachate under S<sub>0</sub>, while it decreased the EC by 12.4% under S3. Increasing the magnetic force enhanced the leachate <i>SAR</i>, <i>SSP</i>, and <i>CROSS</i> values by 4.9–20.4% on average under S<sub>3</sub> and S<sub>6</sub>. Magnetic forces augmented the hydraulic conductivity at the same salinity level and with increasing salinity, resulting in an increment of 50% at S<sub>3</sub> and S<sub>6</sub> compared with S<sub>0</sub>. After nine hours, the maximum cumulative infiltration rate was under 1000 and 4000 gauss. Our results demonstrated the important effects of magnetically treated irrigation water and could therefore support its application in agriculture under conditions of low water resources and quality. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:44:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d8af1530ec0c4bf081dbcf2e72c292de |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:44:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
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| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-d8af1530ec0c4bf081dbcf2e72c292de2023-11-24T18:41:59ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-12-011424404810.3390/w14244048Magnetized Saline Water Irrigation Enhances Soil Chemical and Physical PropertiesAhmed Elsayed Abdelghany0Ahmed I. Abdo1Mohamed G. Alashram2Kamel Mohamed Eltohamy3Jiabei Li4Youzhen Xiang5Fucang Zhang6College of Water Resources an Architectural Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaSoil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, EgyptWater Relation and Field Irrigation Department, Agriculture and Biological Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, EgyptWater Relation and Field Irrigation Department, Agriculture and Biological Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, EgyptCollege of Water Resources an Architectural Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Water Resources an Architectural Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Water Resources an Architectural Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaDue to rapid population growth and pressure on water resources, it is necessary to use economic and non-traditional techniques for irrigation. One of these techniques is the use of salt water after treatment with a magnetic force. A simulation experiment was conducted with soil columns using three quantities of saline water: 0, 3, and 6 g L<sup>−1</sup> (S<sub>0</sub>, S<sub>3</sub>, and S<sub>6</sub>). Magnetic forces of 0, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, and 7000 gauss were used to study the effects of magnetic forces on leachate and soil physicochemical properties at different depths. The results at all soil depths showed that the pH decreased with increasing salinity from S<sub>0</sub> to S3 and S<sub>6</sub> by an average of 8.44, 8.28, and 8.27%, respectively. Soil EC decreased significantly with depth by 10–35%. The maximum <i>SAR</i>, <i>SSP</i>, and <i>CROSS</i> values (16.3, 51.1, and 17.6, respectively) were reported when no magnetic force was used, while the lowest values (13.9, 49.9, and 15.3) were recorded when using 3000 gauss under S<sub>6</sub> within the soil profile. Magnetizing the water halved the EC of the leachate under S<sub>0</sub>, while it decreased the EC by 12.4% under S3. Increasing the magnetic force enhanced the leachate <i>SAR</i>, <i>SSP</i>, and <i>CROSS</i> values by 4.9–20.4% on average under S<sub>3</sub> and S<sub>6</sub>. Magnetic forces augmented the hydraulic conductivity at the same salinity level and with increasing salinity, resulting in an increment of 50% at S<sub>3</sub> and S<sub>6</sub> compared with S<sub>0</sub>. After nine hours, the maximum cumulative infiltration rate was under 1000 and 4000 gauss. Our results demonstrated the important effects of magnetically treated irrigation water and could therefore support its application in agriculture under conditions of low water resources and quality.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/24/4048magnetic forcesaline water irrigationsoil leachatesoil sector |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed Elsayed Abdelghany Ahmed I. Abdo Mohamed G. Alashram Kamel Mohamed Eltohamy Jiabei Li Youzhen Xiang Fucang Zhang Magnetized Saline Water Irrigation Enhances Soil Chemical and Physical Properties Water magnetic force saline water irrigation soil leachate soil sector |
| title | Magnetized Saline Water Irrigation Enhances Soil Chemical and Physical Properties |
| title_full | Magnetized Saline Water Irrigation Enhances Soil Chemical and Physical Properties |
| title_fullStr | Magnetized Saline Water Irrigation Enhances Soil Chemical and Physical Properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Magnetized Saline Water Irrigation Enhances Soil Chemical and Physical Properties |
| title_short | Magnetized Saline Water Irrigation Enhances Soil Chemical and Physical Properties |
| title_sort | magnetized saline water irrigation enhances soil chemical and physical properties |
| topic | magnetic force saline water irrigation soil leachate soil sector |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/24/4048 |
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