Toxicity of Vanadium during Development of Sea Urchin Embryos: Bioaccumulation, Calcium Depletion, ERK Modulation and Cell-Selective Apoptosis
Vanadium toxicology is a topic of considerable importance as this metal is widely used in industrial and biomedical fields. However, it represents a potential emerging environmental pollutant because wastewater treatment plants do not adequately remove metal compounds that are subsequently released...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/11/6239 |
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| author | Roberto Chiarelli Rosaria Scudiero Valeria Memoli Maria Carmela Roccheri Chiara Martino |
| author_facet | Roberto Chiarelli Rosaria Scudiero Valeria Memoli Maria Carmela Roccheri Chiara Martino |
| author_sort | Roberto Chiarelli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vanadium toxicology is a topic of considerable importance as this metal is widely used in industrial and biomedical fields. However, it represents a potential emerging environmental pollutant because wastewater treatment plants do not adequately remove metal compounds that are subsequently released into the environment. Vanadium applications are limited due to its toxicity, so it is urgent to define this aspect. This metal is associated with sea urchin embryo toxicity as it perturbs embryogenesis and skeletogenesis, triggering several stress responses. Here we investigated its bioaccumulation and the correlation with cellular and molecular developmental pathways. We used cytotoxic concentrations of 1 mM and 500 μM to perform quantitative analyses, showing that vanadium accumulation interferes with calcium uptake during sea urchin development and provokes a disruption in the biomineralization process. At the end of the whole treatment, the accumulation of vanadium was about 14 and 8 μg for embryos treated respectively with 1 mM and 500 μM, showing a dose-dependent response. Then, we monitored the cell signaling perturbation, analyzing key molecular markers of cell survival/cell death mechanisms and the DNA fragmentation associated with apoptosis. This paper clarifies vanadium’s trend to accumulate directly into embryonic cells, interfering with calcium uptake. In addition, our results indicate that vanadium can modulate the ERK pathway and activate a cell-selective apoptosis. These results endorse the sea urchin embryo as an adequate experimental model to study metal-related cellular/molecular responses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:14:36Z |
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| id | doaj.art-d8b4f48b21e046e0a909ddd9e1cc25ab |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:14:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-d8b4f48b21e046e0a909ddd9e1cc25ab2023-11-23T14:12:04ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-06-012311623910.3390/ijms23116239Toxicity of Vanadium during Development of Sea Urchin Embryos: Bioaccumulation, Calcium Depletion, ERK Modulation and Cell-Selective ApoptosisRoberto Chiarelli0Rosaria Scudiero1Valeria Memoli2Maria Carmela Roccheri3Chiara Martino4Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Building 16, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biology, University Federico II, 80126 Napoli, ItalyDepartment of Biology, University Federico II, 80126 Napoli, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Building 16, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Building 16, 90128 Palermo, ItalyVanadium toxicology is a topic of considerable importance as this metal is widely used in industrial and biomedical fields. However, it represents a potential emerging environmental pollutant because wastewater treatment plants do not adequately remove metal compounds that are subsequently released into the environment. Vanadium applications are limited due to its toxicity, so it is urgent to define this aspect. This metal is associated with sea urchin embryo toxicity as it perturbs embryogenesis and skeletogenesis, triggering several stress responses. Here we investigated its bioaccumulation and the correlation with cellular and molecular developmental pathways. We used cytotoxic concentrations of 1 mM and 500 μM to perform quantitative analyses, showing that vanadium accumulation interferes with calcium uptake during sea urchin development and provokes a disruption in the biomineralization process. At the end of the whole treatment, the accumulation of vanadium was about 14 and 8 μg for embryos treated respectively with 1 mM and 500 μM, showing a dose-dependent response. Then, we monitored the cell signaling perturbation, analyzing key molecular markers of cell survival/cell death mechanisms and the DNA fragmentation associated with apoptosis. This paper clarifies vanadium’s trend to accumulate directly into embryonic cells, interfering with calcium uptake. In addition, our results indicate that vanadium can modulate the ERK pathway and activate a cell-selective apoptosis. These results endorse the sea urchin embryo as an adequate experimental model to study metal-related cellular/molecular responses.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/11/6239vanadium bioaccumulationcalcium uptake<i>Paracentrotus lividus</i> embryosstresscell-selective apoptosis |
| spellingShingle | Roberto Chiarelli Rosaria Scudiero Valeria Memoli Maria Carmela Roccheri Chiara Martino Toxicity of Vanadium during Development of Sea Urchin Embryos: Bioaccumulation, Calcium Depletion, ERK Modulation and Cell-Selective Apoptosis International Journal of Molecular Sciences vanadium bioaccumulation calcium uptake <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i> embryos stress cell-selective apoptosis |
| title | Toxicity of Vanadium during Development of Sea Urchin Embryos: Bioaccumulation, Calcium Depletion, ERK Modulation and Cell-Selective Apoptosis |
| title_full | Toxicity of Vanadium during Development of Sea Urchin Embryos: Bioaccumulation, Calcium Depletion, ERK Modulation and Cell-Selective Apoptosis |
| title_fullStr | Toxicity of Vanadium during Development of Sea Urchin Embryos: Bioaccumulation, Calcium Depletion, ERK Modulation and Cell-Selective Apoptosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxicity of Vanadium during Development of Sea Urchin Embryos: Bioaccumulation, Calcium Depletion, ERK Modulation and Cell-Selective Apoptosis |
| title_short | Toxicity of Vanadium during Development of Sea Urchin Embryos: Bioaccumulation, Calcium Depletion, ERK Modulation and Cell-Selective Apoptosis |
| title_sort | toxicity of vanadium during development of sea urchin embryos bioaccumulation calcium depletion erk modulation and cell selective apoptosis |
| topic | vanadium bioaccumulation calcium uptake <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i> embryos stress cell-selective apoptosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/11/6239 |
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