Evaluation of microwave square ring metamaterial-based resonator for glucose detection
Abstract This study presents a biosensor working at a frequency of 3.5 GHz, which is designed as a square ring metamaterial resonator. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of blood amount on the metamaterial-based resonator sensor’s sensitivity. The structure was constructed using Rogers-RT5880 m...
| Autores principales: | , , , , |
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| Formato: | Artículo |
| Lenguaje: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2024-03-01
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| Colección: | Journal of Engineering and Applied Science |
| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s44147-024-00366-1 |
| _version_ | 1827327347508903936 |
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| author | Muhammad Hakimi Mustafa Kamal Suhail Asghar Qureshi Zuhairiah Zainal Abidin Huda A. Majid Chan Hwang See |
| author_facet | Muhammad Hakimi Mustafa Kamal Suhail Asghar Qureshi Zuhairiah Zainal Abidin Huda A. Majid Chan Hwang See |
| author_sort | Muhammad Hakimi Mustafa Kamal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study presents a biosensor working at a frequency of 3.5 GHz, which is designed as a square ring metamaterial resonator. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of blood amount on the metamaterial-based resonator sensor’s sensitivity. The structure was constructed using Rogers-RT5880 material, with an overall area of 85.71 mm × 85.71 mm2. The simulation of the design involved modelling the blood samples using Debye 1st-order equations. The empirical results observed a noticeable shift towards a lower frequency range in the response and changes in the magnitude, corresponding to an increase in the blood sample’s glucose concentration and thickness. Following this, the experiment was designed to corroborate the simulated results. The sensor achieved the highest sensitivity of 0.23 dB per 100 mg/dl change in glucose level when the thickness of blood was 0.1 mm. It was concluded from the results that the increase in the volume of blood increases the sensor’s sensitivity. However, a trade-off mark is necessary in which an optimum sensitivity is achieved with blood volume as minimum as possible so that a noninvasive biosensor can be designed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:58:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d8e48c88d8e44e2da76dcbfe0d67ffa9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1110-1903 2536-9512 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:58:53Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Engineering and Applied Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-d8e48c88d8e44e2da76dcbfe0d67ffa92024-03-05T19:15:56ZengSpringerOpenJournal of Engineering and Applied Science1110-19032536-95122024-03-0171111610.1186/s44147-024-00366-1Evaluation of microwave square ring metamaterial-based resonator for glucose detectionMuhammad Hakimi Mustafa Kamal0Suhail Asghar Qureshi1Zuhairiah Zainal Abidin2Huda A. Majid3Chan Hwang See4Advanced Telecommunication Research Center (ATRC), Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn MalaysiaAdvanced Telecommunication Research Center (ATRC), Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn MalaysiaAdvanced Telecommunication Research Center (ATRC), Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn MalaysiaAdvanced Telecommunication Research Center (ATRC), Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn MalaysiaEdinburgh Napier UniversityAbstract This study presents a biosensor working at a frequency of 3.5 GHz, which is designed as a square ring metamaterial resonator. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of blood amount on the metamaterial-based resonator sensor’s sensitivity. The structure was constructed using Rogers-RT5880 material, with an overall area of 85.71 mm × 85.71 mm2. The simulation of the design involved modelling the blood samples using Debye 1st-order equations. The empirical results observed a noticeable shift towards a lower frequency range in the response and changes in the magnitude, corresponding to an increase in the blood sample’s glucose concentration and thickness. Following this, the experiment was designed to corroborate the simulated results. The sensor achieved the highest sensitivity of 0.23 dB per 100 mg/dl change in glucose level when the thickness of blood was 0.1 mm. It was concluded from the results that the increase in the volume of blood increases the sensor’s sensitivity. However, a trade-off mark is necessary in which an optimum sensitivity is achieved with blood volume as minimum as possible so that a noninvasive biosensor can be designed.https://doi.org/10.1186/s44147-024-00366-1MetamaterialResonatorGlucoseSensing |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Hakimi Mustafa Kamal Suhail Asghar Qureshi Zuhairiah Zainal Abidin Huda A. Majid Chan Hwang See Evaluation of microwave square ring metamaterial-based resonator for glucose detection Journal of Engineering and Applied Science Metamaterial Resonator Glucose Sensing |
| title | Evaluation of microwave square ring metamaterial-based resonator for glucose detection |
| title_full | Evaluation of microwave square ring metamaterial-based resonator for glucose detection |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of microwave square ring metamaterial-based resonator for glucose detection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of microwave square ring metamaterial-based resonator for glucose detection |
| title_short | Evaluation of microwave square ring metamaterial-based resonator for glucose detection |
| title_sort | evaluation of microwave square ring metamaterial based resonator for glucose detection |
| topic | Metamaterial Resonator Glucose Sensing |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s44147-024-00366-1 |
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