How Microbial Food Web Interactions Shape the Arctic Ocean Bacterial Community Revealed by Size Fractionation Experiments
In the Arctic, seasonal changes are substantial, and as a result, the marine bacterial community composition and functions differ greatly between the dark winter and light-intensive summer. While light availability is, overall, the external driver of the seasonal changes, several internal biological...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-11-01
|
| Series: | Microorganisms |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/11/2378 |
| _version_ | 1797509260683247616 |
|---|---|
| author | Oliver Müller Lena Seuthe Bernadette Pree Gunnar Bratbak Aud Larsen Maria Lund Paulsen |
| author_facet | Oliver Müller Lena Seuthe Bernadette Pree Gunnar Bratbak Aud Larsen Maria Lund Paulsen |
| author_sort | Oliver Müller |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the Arctic, seasonal changes are substantial, and as a result, the marine bacterial community composition and functions differ greatly between the dark winter and light-intensive summer. While light availability is, overall, the external driver of the seasonal changes, several internal biological interactions structure the bacterial community during shorter timescales. These include specific phytoplankton–bacteria associations, viral infections and other top-down controls. Here, we uncover these microbial interactions and their effects on the bacterial community composition during a full annual cycle by manipulating the microbial food web using size fractionation. The most profound community changes were detected during the spring, with ‘mutualistic phytoplankton’—Gammaproteobacteria interactions dominating in the pre-bloom phase and ‘substrate-dependent phytoplankton’—Flavobacteria interactions during blooming conditions. Bacterivores had an overall limited effect on the bacterial community composition most of the year. However, in the late summer, grazing was the main factor shaping the community composition and transferring carbon to higher trophic levels. Identifying these small-scale interactions improves our understanding of the Arctic marine microbial food web and its dynamics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:15:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d8e79f23059e44a6b8ed15b1fbc6fa6a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:15:11Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-d8e79f23059e44a6b8ed15b1fbc6fa6a2023-11-23T00:30:34ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-11-01911237810.3390/microorganisms9112378How Microbial Food Web Interactions Shape the Arctic Ocean Bacterial Community Revealed by Size Fractionation ExperimentsOliver Müller0Lena Seuthe1Bernadette Pree2Gunnar Bratbak3Aud Larsen4Maria Lund Paulsen5Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5006 Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, NorwayDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5006 Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5006 Bergen, NorwayMolecular Ecology Group, NORCE, 5008 Bergen, NorwayArctic Research Center, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, 8600 Silkeborg, DenmarkIn the Arctic, seasonal changes are substantial, and as a result, the marine bacterial community composition and functions differ greatly between the dark winter and light-intensive summer. While light availability is, overall, the external driver of the seasonal changes, several internal biological interactions structure the bacterial community during shorter timescales. These include specific phytoplankton–bacteria associations, viral infections and other top-down controls. Here, we uncover these microbial interactions and their effects on the bacterial community composition during a full annual cycle by manipulating the microbial food web using size fractionation. The most profound community changes were detected during the spring, with ‘mutualistic phytoplankton’—Gammaproteobacteria interactions dominating in the pre-bloom phase and ‘substrate-dependent phytoplankton’—Flavobacteria interactions during blooming conditions. Bacterivores had an overall limited effect on the bacterial community composition most of the year. However, in the late summer, grazing was the main factor shaping the community composition and transferring carbon to higher trophic levels. Identifying these small-scale interactions improves our understanding of the Arctic marine microbial food web and its dynamics.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/11/2378microbial food webexperimental manipulationstrophic interactionsseasonal changesArctic Oceanbacterial community structure |
| spellingShingle | Oliver Müller Lena Seuthe Bernadette Pree Gunnar Bratbak Aud Larsen Maria Lund Paulsen How Microbial Food Web Interactions Shape the Arctic Ocean Bacterial Community Revealed by Size Fractionation Experiments Microorganisms microbial food web experimental manipulations trophic interactions seasonal changes Arctic Ocean bacterial community structure |
| title | How Microbial Food Web Interactions Shape the Arctic Ocean Bacterial Community Revealed by Size Fractionation Experiments |
| title_full | How Microbial Food Web Interactions Shape the Arctic Ocean Bacterial Community Revealed by Size Fractionation Experiments |
| title_fullStr | How Microbial Food Web Interactions Shape the Arctic Ocean Bacterial Community Revealed by Size Fractionation Experiments |
| title_full_unstemmed | How Microbial Food Web Interactions Shape the Arctic Ocean Bacterial Community Revealed by Size Fractionation Experiments |
| title_short | How Microbial Food Web Interactions Shape the Arctic Ocean Bacterial Community Revealed by Size Fractionation Experiments |
| title_sort | how microbial food web interactions shape the arctic ocean bacterial community revealed by size fractionation experiments |
| topic | microbial food web experimental manipulations trophic interactions seasonal changes Arctic Ocean bacterial community structure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/11/2378 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT olivermuller howmicrobialfoodwebinteractionsshapethearcticoceanbacterialcommunityrevealedbysizefractionationexperiments AT lenaseuthe howmicrobialfoodwebinteractionsshapethearcticoceanbacterialcommunityrevealedbysizefractionationexperiments AT bernadettepree howmicrobialfoodwebinteractionsshapethearcticoceanbacterialcommunityrevealedbysizefractionationexperiments AT gunnarbratbak howmicrobialfoodwebinteractionsshapethearcticoceanbacterialcommunityrevealedbysizefractionationexperiments AT audlarsen howmicrobialfoodwebinteractionsshapethearcticoceanbacterialcommunityrevealedbysizefractionationexperiments AT marialundpaulsen howmicrobialfoodwebinteractionsshapethearcticoceanbacterialcommunityrevealedbysizefractionationexperiments |