Medically Significant Vector-Borne Viral Diseases in Iran
Vector-borne viral diseases (VBVDs) continue to pose a considerable public health risk to animals and humans globally. Vectors have integral roles in autochthonous circulation and dissemination of VBVDs worldwide. The interplay of agricultural activities, population expansion, urbanization, host/pat...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/12/3006 |
| _version_ | 1797380015922348032 |
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| author | Sarah-Jo Paquette Ayo Yila Simon Ara XIII Gary P. Kobinger Nariman Shahhosseini |
| author_facet | Sarah-Jo Paquette Ayo Yila Simon Ara XIII Gary P. Kobinger Nariman Shahhosseini |
| author_sort | Sarah-Jo Paquette |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vector-borne viral diseases (VBVDs) continue to pose a considerable public health risk to animals and humans globally. Vectors have integral roles in autochthonous circulation and dissemination of VBVDs worldwide. The interplay of agricultural activities, population expansion, urbanization, host/pathogen evolution, and climate change, all contribute to the continual flux in shaping the epidemiology of VBVDs. In recent decades, VBVDs, once endemic to particular countries, have expanded into new regions such as Iran and its neighbors, increasing the risk of outbreaks and other public health concerns. Both Iran and its neighboring countries are known to host a number of VBVDs that are endemic to these countries or newly circulating. The proximity of Iran to countries hosting regional diseases, along with increased global socioeconomic activities, e.g., international trade and travel, potentially increases the risk for introduction of new VBVDs into Iran. In this review, we examined the epidemiology of numerous VBVDs circulating in Iran, such as Chikungunya virus, Dengue virus, Sindbis virus, West Nile virus, Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Sandfly-borne phleboviruses, and Hantavirus, in relation to their vectors, specifically mosquitoes, ticks, sandflies, and rodents. In addition, we discussed the interplay of factors, e.g., urbanization and climate change on VBVD dissemination patterns and the consequent public health risks in Iran, highlighting the importance of a One Health approach to further surveil and to evolve mitigation strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:31:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d8ea7a09997546e29610df26f0564a2f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:31:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-d8ea7a09997546e29610df26f0564a2f2023-12-22T14:26:22ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-12-011112300610.3390/microorganisms11123006Medically Significant Vector-Borne Viral Diseases in IranSarah-Jo Paquette0Ayo Yila Simon1Ara XIII2Gary P. Kobinger3Nariman Shahhosseini4Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, CanadaDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, CanadaGalveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USAGalveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, CanadaVector-borne viral diseases (VBVDs) continue to pose a considerable public health risk to animals and humans globally. Vectors have integral roles in autochthonous circulation and dissemination of VBVDs worldwide. The interplay of agricultural activities, population expansion, urbanization, host/pathogen evolution, and climate change, all contribute to the continual flux in shaping the epidemiology of VBVDs. In recent decades, VBVDs, once endemic to particular countries, have expanded into new regions such as Iran and its neighbors, increasing the risk of outbreaks and other public health concerns. Both Iran and its neighboring countries are known to host a number of VBVDs that are endemic to these countries or newly circulating. The proximity of Iran to countries hosting regional diseases, along with increased global socioeconomic activities, e.g., international trade and travel, potentially increases the risk for introduction of new VBVDs into Iran. In this review, we examined the epidemiology of numerous VBVDs circulating in Iran, such as Chikungunya virus, Dengue virus, Sindbis virus, West Nile virus, Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Sandfly-borne phleboviruses, and Hantavirus, in relation to their vectors, specifically mosquitoes, ticks, sandflies, and rodents. In addition, we discussed the interplay of factors, e.g., urbanization and climate change on VBVD dissemination patterns and the consequent public health risks in Iran, highlighting the importance of a One Health approach to further surveil and to evolve mitigation strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/12/3006arbovirusesviral hemorrhagic feversclimate changeepidemiologymosquitotick |
| spellingShingle | Sarah-Jo Paquette Ayo Yila Simon Ara XIII Gary P. Kobinger Nariman Shahhosseini Medically Significant Vector-Borne Viral Diseases in Iran Microorganisms arboviruses viral hemorrhagic fevers climate change epidemiology mosquito tick |
| title | Medically Significant Vector-Borne Viral Diseases in Iran |
| title_full | Medically Significant Vector-Borne Viral Diseases in Iran |
| title_fullStr | Medically Significant Vector-Borne Viral Diseases in Iran |
| title_full_unstemmed | Medically Significant Vector-Borne Viral Diseases in Iran |
| title_short | Medically Significant Vector-Borne Viral Diseases in Iran |
| title_sort | medically significant vector borne viral diseases in iran |
| topic | arboviruses viral hemorrhagic fevers climate change epidemiology mosquito tick |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/12/3006 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sarahjopaquette medicallysignificantvectorborneviraldiseasesiniran AT ayoyilasimon medicallysignificantvectorborneviraldiseasesiniran AT araxiii medicallysignificantvectorborneviraldiseasesiniran AT garypkobinger medicallysignificantvectorborneviraldiseasesiniran AT narimanshahhosseini medicallysignificantvectorborneviraldiseasesiniran |