Assessing risk profiles for <it>Salmonella</it> serotypes in breeding pig operations in Portugal using a Bayesian hierarchical model
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The EU Regulation No 2160/2003 imposes a reduction in the prevalence of <it>Salmonella</it> in pigs. The efficiency of control programmes for <it>Salmonella</it> in pigs, reported among the EU Member States, v...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2012-11-01
|
| Series: | BMC Veterinary Research |
| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/8/226 |
| _version_ | 1818177822547509248 |
|---|---|
| author | Correia-Gomes Carla Economou Theodoros Mendonça Denisa Vieira-Pinto Madalena Niza-Ribeiro João |
| author_facet | Correia-Gomes Carla Economou Theodoros Mendonça Denisa Vieira-Pinto Madalena Niza-Ribeiro João |
| author_sort | Correia-Gomes Carla |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The EU Regulation No 2160/2003 imposes a reduction in the prevalence of <it>Salmonella</it> in pigs. The efficiency of control programmes for <it>Salmonella</it> in pigs, reported among the EU Member States, varies and definitive eradication seems very difficult. Control measures currently recommended for <it>Salmonella</it> are not serotype-specific. Is it possible that the risk factors for different <it>Salmonella</it> serotypes are different? The aim of this study was to investigate potential risk factors for two groups of <it>Salmonella</it> sp serotypes using pen faecal samples from breeding pig holdings representative of the Portuguese pig sector.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The data used come from the Baseline Survey for the Prevalence of <it>Salmonella</it> in breeding pigs in Portugal. A total of 1670 pen faecal samples from 167 herds were tested, and 170 samples were positive for <it>Salmonella.</it> The presence of <it>Salmonella</it> in each sample (outcome variable) was classified in three categories: i) no <it>Salmonella</it>, ii) <it>Salmonella</it> Typhimurium or <it>S</it>. Typhimurium-like strains with the antigenic formula: 1,4,5,12:i:-, , and iii) other serotypes. Along with the sample collection, a questionnaire concerning herd management and potential risk factors was utilised. The data have a “natural” hierarchical structure so a categorical multilevel analysis of the dataset was carried out using a Bayesian hierarchical model. The model was estimated using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods, implemented in the software WinBUGS.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The significant associations found (when compared to category “no <it>Salmonella”</it>), for category “serotype Typhimurium or <it>S</it>. Typhimurium-like strains with the antigenic formula: 1,4,5,12:i:-” were: age of breeding sows, size of the herd, number of pigs/pen and source of semen. For the category “other serotypes” the significant associations found were: control of rodents, region of the country, source of semen, breeding sector room and source of feed.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The risk factors significantly associated with <it>Salmonella</it> shedding from the category “serotype Typhimurium or serotype 1,4,5,12:i:-“ were more related to animal factors, whereas those associated with “other serotypes” were more related to environmental factors. Our findings suggest that different control measures could be used to control different <it>Salmonella</it> serotypes in breeding pigs.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T20:38:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d8f5bf3a593449ae869876ee039906c1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1746-6148 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T20:38:12Z |
| publishDate | 2012-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Veterinary Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-d8f5bf3a593449ae869876ee039906c12022-12-22T00:51:36ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482012-11-018122610.1186/1746-6148-8-226Assessing risk profiles for <it>Salmonella</it> serotypes in breeding pig operations in Portugal using a Bayesian hierarchical modelCorreia-Gomes CarlaEconomou TheodorosMendonça DenisaVieira-Pinto MadalenaNiza-Ribeiro João<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The EU Regulation No 2160/2003 imposes a reduction in the prevalence of <it>Salmonella</it> in pigs. The efficiency of control programmes for <it>Salmonella</it> in pigs, reported among the EU Member States, varies and definitive eradication seems very difficult. Control measures currently recommended for <it>Salmonella</it> are not serotype-specific. Is it possible that the risk factors for different <it>Salmonella</it> serotypes are different? The aim of this study was to investigate potential risk factors for two groups of <it>Salmonella</it> sp serotypes using pen faecal samples from breeding pig holdings representative of the Portuguese pig sector.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The data used come from the Baseline Survey for the Prevalence of <it>Salmonella</it> in breeding pigs in Portugal. A total of 1670 pen faecal samples from 167 herds were tested, and 170 samples were positive for <it>Salmonella.</it> The presence of <it>Salmonella</it> in each sample (outcome variable) was classified in three categories: i) no <it>Salmonella</it>, ii) <it>Salmonella</it> Typhimurium or <it>S</it>. Typhimurium-like strains with the antigenic formula: 1,4,5,12:i:-, , and iii) other serotypes. Along with the sample collection, a questionnaire concerning herd management and potential risk factors was utilised. The data have a “natural” hierarchical structure so a categorical multilevel analysis of the dataset was carried out using a Bayesian hierarchical model. The model was estimated using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods, implemented in the software WinBUGS.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The significant associations found (when compared to category “no <it>Salmonella”</it>), for category “serotype Typhimurium or <it>S</it>. Typhimurium-like strains with the antigenic formula: 1,4,5,12:i:-” were: age of breeding sows, size of the herd, number of pigs/pen and source of semen. For the category “other serotypes” the significant associations found were: control of rodents, region of the country, source of semen, breeding sector room and source of feed.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The risk factors significantly associated with <it>Salmonella</it> shedding from the category “serotype Typhimurium or serotype 1,4,5,12:i:-“ were more related to animal factors, whereas those associated with “other serotypes” were more related to environmental factors. Our findings suggest that different control measures could be used to control different <it>Salmonella</it> serotypes in breeding pigs.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/8/226 |
| spellingShingle | Correia-Gomes Carla Economou Theodoros Mendonça Denisa Vieira-Pinto Madalena Niza-Ribeiro João Assessing risk profiles for <it>Salmonella</it> serotypes in breeding pig operations in Portugal using a Bayesian hierarchical model BMC Veterinary Research |
| title | Assessing risk profiles for <it>Salmonella</it> serotypes in breeding pig operations in Portugal using a Bayesian hierarchical model |
| title_full | Assessing risk profiles for <it>Salmonella</it> serotypes in breeding pig operations in Portugal using a Bayesian hierarchical model |
| title_fullStr | Assessing risk profiles for <it>Salmonella</it> serotypes in breeding pig operations in Portugal using a Bayesian hierarchical model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing risk profiles for <it>Salmonella</it> serotypes in breeding pig operations in Portugal using a Bayesian hierarchical model |
| title_short | Assessing risk profiles for <it>Salmonella</it> serotypes in breeding pig operations in Portugal using a Bayesian hierarchical model |
| title_sort | assessing risk profiles for it salmonella it serotypes in breeding pig operations in portugal using a bayesian hierarchical model |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/8/226 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT correiagomescarla assessingriskprofilesforitsalmonellaitserotypesinbreedingpigoperationsinportugalusingabayesianhierarchicalmodel AT economoutheodoros assessingriskprofilesforitsalmonellaitserotypesinbreedingpigoperationsinportugalusingabayesianhierarchicalmodel AT mendoncadenisa assessingriskprofilesforitsalmonellaitserotypesinbreedingpigoperationsinportugalusingabayesianhierarchicalmodel AT vieirapintomadalena assessingriskprofilesforitsalmonellaitserotypesinbreedingpigoperationsinportugalusingabayesianhierarchicalmodel AT nizaribeirojoao assessingriskprofilesforitsalmonellaitserotypesinbreedingpigoperationsinportugalusingabayesianhierarchicalmodel |