Implications of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease: a review on current concepts and therapies
Moderate levels of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important for various cellular activities, but high levels lead to toxicity and are associated with various diseases. Levels of ROS are maintained as a balance between oxidants and antioxidants. Accumulating data suggest that oxidative...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The Korean Society of Nephrology
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Kidney Research and Clinical Practice |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.krcp-ksn.org/upload/pdf/j-krcp-20-163.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818644729143754752 |
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| author | Sagar Verma Priyanka Singh Shiffali Khurana Nirmal Kumar Ganguly Ritushree Kukreti Luciano Saso Devinder Singh Rana Vibha Taneja Vinant Bhargava |
| author_facet | Sagar Verma Priyanka Singh Shiffali Khurana Nirmal Kumar Ganguly Ritushree Kukreti Luciano Saso Devinder Singh Rana Vibha Taneja Vinant Bhargava |
| author_sort | Sagar Verma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Moderate levels of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important for various cellular activities, but high levels lead to toxicity and are associated with various diseases. Levels of ROS are maintained as a balance between oxidants and antioxidants. Accumulating data suggest that oxidative stress is a major factor in deterioration of renal function. In this review, we highlight the possible mechanism by which oxidative stress can lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review also describes therapies that counter the effect of oxidative stress in CKD patients. Numerous factors such as upregulation of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and ROS generation, chronic inflammation, vitamin D deficiency, and a compromised antioxidant defense mechanism system cause progressive detrimental effects on renal function that eventually lead to loss of kidney function. Patients with renal dysfunction are highly susceptible to oxidative stress, as risk factors such as diabetes, renal hypertension, dietary restrictions, hemodialysis, and old age predispose them to increased levels of ROS. Biomolecular adducts (DNA, proteins, and lipids) formed due to reaction with ROS can be used to determine oxidative stress levels. Based on the strong correlation between oxidative stress and CKD, reversal of oxidative stress is being explored as a major therapeutic option. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors, dietary antioxidants, and other agents that scavenge free radicals are gaining interest as treatment modalities in CKD patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T00:19:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d8fb06e1ce834849ac07f7b61acf3a7b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2211-9132 2211-9140 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T00:19:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | The Korean Society of Nephrology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Kidney Research and Clinical Practice |
| spelling | doaj.art-d8fb06e1ce834849ac07f7b61acf3a7b2022-12-21T22:10:36ZengThe Korean Society of NephrologyKidney Research and Clinical Practice2211-91322211-91402021-06-0140218319310.23876/j.krcp.20.1636041Implications of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease: a review on current concepts and therapiesSagar Verma0Priyanka Singh1Shiffali Khurana2Nirmal Kumar Ganguly3Ritushree Kukreti4Luciano Saso5Devinder Singh Rana6Vibha Taneja7Vinant Bhargava8 Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Department of Nephrology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India Department of Nephrology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, IndiaModerate levels of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important for various cellular activities, but high levels lead to toxicity and are associated with various diseases. Levels of ROS are maintained as a balance between oxidants and antioxidants. Accumulating data suggest that oxidative stress is a major factor in deterioration of renal function. In this review, we highlight the possible mechanism by which oxidative stress can lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review also describes therapies that counter the effect of oxidative stress in CKD patients. Numerous factors such as upregulation of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and ROS generation, chronic inflammation, vitamin D deficiency, and a compromised antioxidant defense mechanism system cause progressive detrimental effects on renal function that eventually lead to loss of kidney function. Patients with renal dysfunction are highly susceptible to oxidative stress, as risk factors such as diabetes, renal hypertension, dietary restrictions, hemodialysis, and old age predispose them to increased levels of ROS. Biomolecular adducts (DNA, proteins, and lipids) formed due to reaction with ROS can be used to determine oxidative stress levels. Based on the strong correlation between oxidative stress and CKD, reversal of oxidative stress is being explored as a major therapeutic option. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors, dietary antioxidants, and other agents that scavenge free radicals are gaining interest as treatment modalities in CKD patients.http://www.krcp-ksn.org/upload/pdf/j-krcp-20-163.pdfantioxidantschronic kidney diseaseoxidative stressrenal dialysis |
| spellingShingle | Sagar Verma Priyanka Singh Shiffali Khurana Nirmal Kumar Ganguly Ritushree Kukreti Luciano Saso Devinder Singh Rana Vibha Taneja Vinant Bhargava Implications of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease: a review on current concepts and therapies Kidney Research and Clinical Practice antioxidants chronic kidney disease oxidative stress renal dialysis |
| title | Implications of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease: a review on current concepts and therapies |
| title_full | Implications of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease: a review on current concepts and therapies |
| title_fullStr | Implications of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease: a review on current concepts and therapies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Implications of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease: a review on current concepts and therapies |
| title_short | Implications of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease: a review on current concepts and therapies |
| title_sort | implications of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease a review on current concepts and therapies |
| topic | antioxidants chronic kidney disease oxidative stress renal dialysis |
| url | http://www.krcp-ksn.org/upload/pdf/j-krcp-20-163.pdf |
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