Determination of PM<sub>1</sub> Sources at a Prague Background Site during the 2012–2013 Period Using PMF Analysis of Combined Aerosol Mass Spectra
Two intensive measurement campaigns using a compact time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer were carried out at the suburban site in Prague (Czech Republic) in summer (2012) and winter (2013). The aim was to determine the aerosol sources of the NR-PM<sub>1</sub> fraction by PMF analysis...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/1/20 |
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| author | Otakar Makeš Jaroslav Schwarz Petr Vodička Guenter Engling Vladimír Ždímal |
| author_facet | Otakar Makeš Jaroslav Schwarz Petr Vodička Guenter Engling Vladimír Ždímal |
| author_sort | Otakar Makeš |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Two intensive measurement campaigns using a compact time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer were carried out at the suburban site in Prague (Czech Republic) in summer (2012) and winter (2013). The aim was to determine the aerosol sources of the NR-PM<sub>1</sub> fraction by PMF analysis of organic (OA) and inorganic aerosol mass spectra. Firstly, an analysis of the OA mass spectra was performed. Hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), biomass burning OA (BBOA), and two types of oxygenated OA (OOA1) and (OOA2) were identified in summer. In winter, HOA, BBOA, long-range oxygenated OA (LROOA), and local oxygenated OA (LOOA) were determined. The identified HOA and BBOA factors were then used as additional input for the subsequent ME-2 analysis of the combined organic and inorganic spectra. This analysis resulted in six factors in both seasons. All of the previously reported organic factors were reidentified and expanded with the inorganic part of the spectra in both seasons. Two predominantly inorganic factors ammonium sulphate (AMOS) and ammonium nitrate (AMON) were newly identified in both seasons. Despite very similar organic parts of the mass profiles, the daily cycles of HOA and LOOA differed significantly in winter. It appears that the addition of the inorganic part of the mass profile, in some cases, reduces the ability of the model to identify physically meaningful factors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:57:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d9055176f49842f28e70b395526fc975 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:57:18Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-d9055176f49842f28e70b395526fc9752023-11-23T12:55:49ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332021-12-011312010.3390/atmos13010020Determination of PM<sub>1</sub> Sources at a Prague Background Site during the 2012–2013 Period Using PMF Analysis of Combined Aerosol Mass SpectraOtakar Makeš0Jaroslav Schwarz1Petr Vodička2Guenter Engling3Vladimír Ždímal4Department of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 2/135, 165 02 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 2/135, 165 02 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 2/135, 165 02 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, TaiwanDepartment of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 2/135, 165 02 Prague, Czech RepublicTwo intensive measurement campaigns using a compact time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer were carried out at the suburban site in Prague (Czech Republic) in summer (2012) and winter (2013). The aim was to determine the aerosol sources of the NR-PM<sub>1</sub> fraction by PMF analysis of organic (OA) and inorganic aerosol mass spectra. Firstly, an analysis of the OA mass spectra was performed. Hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), biomass burning OA (BBOA), and two types of oxygenated OA (OOA1) and (OOA2) were identified in summer. In winter, HOA, BBOA, long-range oxygenated OA (LROOA), and local oxygenated OA (LOOA) were determined. The identified HOA and BBOA factors were then used as additional input for the subsequent ME-2 analysis of the combined organic and inorganic spectra. This analysis resulted in six factors in both seasons. All of the previously reported organic factors were reidentified and expanded with the inorganic part of the spectra in both seasons. Two predominantly inorganic factors ammonium sulphate (AMOS) and ammonium nitrate (AMON) were newly identified in both seasons. Despite very similar organic parts of the mass profiles, the daily cycles of HOA and LOOA differed significantly in winter. It appears that the addition of the inorganic part of the mass profile, in some cases, reduces the ability of the model to identify physically meaningful factors.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/1/20NR-PM<sub>1</sub>atmospheric aerosolsource apportionmentpositive matrix factorisationcombined spectra |
| spellingShingle | Otakar Makeš Jaroslav Schwarz Petr Vodička Guenter Engling Vladimír Ždímal Determination of PM<sub>1</sub> Sources at a Prague Background Site during the 2012–2013 Period Using PMF Analysis of Combined Aerosol Mass Spectra Atmosphere NR-PM<sub>1</sub> atmospheric aerosol source apportionment positive matrix factorisation combined spectra |
| title | Determination of PM<sub>1</sub> Sources at a Prague Background Site during the 2012–2013 Period Using PMF Analysis of Combined Aerosol Mass Spectra |
| title_full | Determination of PM<sub>1</sub> Sources at a Prague Background Site during the 2012–2013 Period Using PMF Analysis of Combined Aerosol Mass Spectra |
| title_fullStr | Determination of PM<sub>1</sub> Sources at a Prague Background Site during the 2012–2013 Period Using PMF Analysis of Combined Aerosol Mass Spectra |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determination of PM<sub>1</sub> Sources at a Prague Background Site during the 2012–2013 Period Using PMF Analysis of Combined Aerosol Mass Spectra |
| title_short | Determination of PM<sub>1</sub> Sources at a Prague Background Site during the 2012–2013 Period Using PMF Analysis of Combined Aerosol Mass Spectra |
| title_sort | determination of pm sub 1 sub sources at a prague background site during the 2012 2013 period using pmf analysis of combined aerosol mass spectra |
| topic | NR-PM<sub>1</sub> atmospheric aerosol source apportionment positive matrix factorisation combined spectra |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/1/20 |
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