Bermudagrass Responses and Tolerance to Salt Stress by the Physiological, Molecular Mechanisms and Proteomic Perspectives of Salinity Adaptation
<i>Cynodon dactylon</i> (L.) Pers. (commonly known as bermudagrass) is a member of the family <i>Poaceae</i>. It is a C4 grass that can grow annually and perennially with clone reproduction and seed-setting. It is not only used as forage but also as a weed in many crops. It g...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/1/174 |
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| author | Maryam Noor Ji-Biao Fan Jing-Xue Zhang Chuan-Jie Zhang Sheng-Nan Sun Lu Gan Xue-Bing Yan |
| author_facet | Maryam Noor Ji-Biao Fan Jing-Xue Zhang Chuan-Jie Zhang Sheng-Nan Sun Lu Gan Xue-Bing Yan |
| author_sort | Maryam Noor |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Cynodon dactylon</i> (L.) Pers. (commonly known as bermudagrass) is a member of the family <i>Poaceae</i>. It is a C4 grass that can grow annually and perennially with clone reproduction and seed-setting. It is not only used as forage but also as a weed in many crops. It grows along roadsides, in barren lands, irrigated lands, and seacoasts, where soil salinity is a major problem. Although bermudagrass is distributed worldwide, it shows limited growth under saline conditions. Under salt stress, the whole-plant growth is disturbed and the forage quality is compromised morphologically. At the physiological level, shoot development is affected owing to the resultant oxidative stress, although the total rate of photosynthesis is not greatly affected. Biochemical changes include a change in the K<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> ratio; antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and peroxide dismutase increase, while catalase activity slows down. The anatomical changes are visible as salt crystals on the leaf surface and salt glands on the mesophyll surface. In this paper, the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and proteomic mechanisms of bermudagrass under salt stress are discussed, drawing a study of several genes such as <i>ECA4</i>, <i>RAN1</i>, <i>MHX1</i>, <i>psbA1</i>, <i>psbB1</i>, <i>psbP</i>, and <i>psbY</i> at the molecular level. Therefore, the current review aims to understand how bermudagrass grows and adapts well under salt conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:51:32Z |
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| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:51:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-d91e077b1bb94076bbfcc6ce52b35a0f2023-11-30T20:49:59ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-01-0113117410.3390/agronomy13010174Bermudagrass Responses and Tolerance to Salt Stress by the Physiological, Molecular Mechanisms and Proteomic Perspectives of Salinity AdaptationMaryam Noor0Ji-Biao Fan1Jing-Xue Zhang2Chuan-Jie Zhang3Sheng-Nan Sun4Lu Gan5Xue-Bing Yan6College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China<i>Cynodon dactylon</i> (L.) Pers. (commonly known as bermudagrass) is a member of the family <i>Poaceae</i>. It is a C4 grass that can grow annually and perennially with clone reproduction and seed-setting. It is not only used as forage but also as a weed in many crops. It grows along roadsides, in barren lands, irrigated lands, and seacoasts, where soil salinity is a major problem. Although bermudagrass is distributed worldwide, it shows limited growth under saline conditions. Under salt stress, the whole-plant growth is disturbed and the forage quality is compromised morphologically. At the physiological level, shoot development is affected owing to the resultant oxidative stress, although the total rate of photosynthesis is not greatly affected. Biochemical changes include a change in the K<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> ratio; antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and peroxide dismutase increase, while catalase activity slows down. The anatomical changes are visible as salt crystals on the leaf surface and salt glands on the mesophyll surface. In this paper, the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and proteomic mechanisms of bermudagrass under salt stress are discussed, drawing a study of several genes such as <i>ECA4</i>, <i>RAN1</i>, <i>MHX1</i>, <i>psbA1</i>, <i>psbB1</i>, <i>psbP</i>, and <i>psbY</i> at the molecular level. Therefore, the current review aims to understand how bermudagrass grows and adapts well under salt conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/1/174<i>Cynodon dactylon</i>growthabiotic stresssalt toleranceadaptationproteomic study |
| spellingShingle | Maryam Noor Ji-Biao Fan Jing-Xue Zhang Chuan-Jie Zhang Sheng-Nan Sun Lu Gan Xue-Bing Yan Bermudagrass Responses and Tolerance to Salt Stress by the Physiological, Molecular Mechanisms and Proteomic Perspectives of Salinity Adaptation Agronomy <i>Cynodon dactylon</i> growth abiotic stress salt tolerance adaptation proteomic study |
| title | Bermudagrass Responses and Tolerance to Salt Stress by the Physiological, Molecular Mechanisms and Proteomic Perspectives of Salinity Adaptation |
| title_full | Bermudagrass Responses and Tolerance to Salt Stress by the Physiological, Molecular Mechanisms and Proteomic Perspectives of Salinity Adaptation |
| title_fullStr | Bermudagrass Responses and Tolerance to Salt Stress by the Physiological, Molecular Mechanisms and Proteomic Perspectives of Salinity Adaptation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bermudagrass Responses and Tolerance to Salt Stress by the Physiological, Molecular Mechanisms and Proteomic Perspectives of Salinity Adaptation |
| title_short | Bermudagrass Responses and Tolerance to Salt Stress by the Physiological, Molecular Mechanisms and Proteomic Perspectives of Salinity Adaptation |
| title_sort | bermudagrass responses and tolerance to salt stress by the physiological molecular mechanisms and proteomic perspectives of salinity adaptation |
| topic | <i>Cynodon dactylon</i> growth abiotic stress salt tolerance adaptation proteomic study |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/1/174 |
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