Incidence of Drug-Resistant Hospital-Associated Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections, the Accompanying Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes with Treatment
Extensive drug resistance to bacterial infections in hospitalised patients is accompanied by high morbidity and mortality rates due to limited treatment options. This study investigated the clinical outcomes of single and combined antibiotic therapies in extensive (XDR), multidrug-resistant (MDR) an...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/9/1425 |
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| author | Lorina Badger-Emeka Abdullatif S. Al Rashed Reem Y. Aljindan Promise Madu Emeka Sayed A. Quadri Hayfa Habes Almutairi |
| author_facet | Lorina Badger-Emeka Abdullatif S. Al Rashed Reem Y. Aljindan Promise Madu Emeka Sayed A. Quadri Hayfa Habes Almutairi |
| author_sort | Lorina Badger-Emeka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Extensive drug resistance to bacterial infections in hospitalised patients is accompanied by high morbidity and mortality rates due to limited treatment options. This study investigated the clinical outcomes of single and combined antibiotic therapies in extensive (XDR), multidrug-resistant (MDR) and susceptible strains (SS) of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Cases of hospital-associated drug-resistant infections (HADRIs) and a few susceptible strains from hospital wards were selected for this study. Bacteria identifications (IDs) and antimicrobial susceptibility tests (ASTs) were performed with a Vitek 2 Compact Automated System. Patients’ treatment types and clinical outcomes were classified as alive improved (AI), alive not improved (ANI), or died. The length of hospital stay (LOHS) was acquired from hospital records. The HAI pathogens were <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (28%), <i>Escherichia coli</i> (26%), <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (22%), <i>Klebsiella</i> (2%) species, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (12%), <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> (4%), and other <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>. They were MDR (40.59%), XDR (24.75%), carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> (CRE, 21.78%) and susceptible (12%) strains. The treatments were either monotherapy or combined therapy with different outcomes. Monotherapy produced positive significant outcomes with <i>E. coli</i> infections, while for <i>P. aeruginosa,</i> there were no differences between the number of infections treated with either mono/combined therapies (50% each). Nonetheless, combined therapy had significant effects (<i>p</i> < 0.05) as a treatment for <i>A. baumannii</i> and <i>K. pneumoniae</i> infections. Clinical outcomes and LOHS varied with infecting bacteria. The prevalence of XDR and MDR HAIs was found to be significantly high, with no association with treatment type, LOHS, or outcome. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:06:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d92326db683d4a9494335e99adedb248 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:06:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-d92326db683d4a9494335e99adedb2482023-11-19T09:17:35ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822023-09-01129142510.3390/antibiotics12091425Incidence of Drug-Resistant Hospital-Associated Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections, the Accompanying Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes with TreatmentLorina Badger-Emeka0Abdullatif S. Al Rashed1Reem Y. Aljindan2Promise Madu Emeka3Sayed A. Quadri4Hayfa Habes Almutairi5Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaExtensive drug resistance to bacterial infections in hospitalised patients is accompanied by high morbidity and mortality rates due to limited treatment options. This study investigated the clinical outcomes of single and combined antibiotic therapies in extensive (XDR), multidrug-resistant (MDR) and susceptible strains (SS) of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Cases of hospital-associated drug-resistant infections (HADRIs) and a few susceptible strains from hospital wards were selected for this study. Bacteria identifications (IDs) and antimicrobial susceptibility tests (ASTs) were performed with a Vitek 2 Compact Automated System. Patients’ treatment types and clinical outcomes were classified as alive improved (AI), alive not improved (ANI), or died. The length of hospital stay (LOHS) was acquired from hospital records. The HAI pathogens were <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (28%), <i>Escherichia coli</i> (26%), <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (22%), <i>Klebsiella</i> (2%) species, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (12%), <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> (4%), and other <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>. They were MDR (40.59%), XDR (24.75%), carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> (CRE, 21.78%) and susceptible (12%) strains. The treatments were either monotherapy or combined therapy with different outcomes. Monotherapy produced positive significant outcomes with <i>E. coli</i> infections, while for <i>P. aeruginosa,</i> there were no differences between the number of infections treated with either mono/combined therapies (50% each). Nonetheless, combined therapy had significant effects (<i>p</i> < 0.05) as a treatment for <i>A. baumannii</i> and <i>K. pneumoniae</i> infections. Clinical outcomes and LOHS varied with infecting bacteria. The prevalence of XDR and MDR HAIs was found to be significantly high, with no association with treatment type, LOHS, or outcome.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/9/1425hospital-associated infectionsextensive drug resistancemultidrug resistanceantimicrobialslength of hospital stay |
| spellingShingle | Lorina Badger-Emeka Abdullatif S. Al Rashed Reem Y. Aljindan Promise Madu Emeka Sayed A. Quadri Hayfa Habes Almutairi Incidence of Drug-Resistant Hospital-Associated Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections, the Accompanying Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes with Treatment Antibiotics hospital-associated infections extensive drug resistance multidrug resistance antimicrobials length of hospital stay |
| title | Incidence of Drug-Resistant Hospital-Associated Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections, the Accompanying Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes with Treatment |
| title_full | Incidence of Drug-Resistant Hospital-Associated Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections, the Accompanying Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes with Treatment |
| title_fullStr | Incidence of Drug-Resistant Hospital-Associated Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections, the Accompanying Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes with Treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Incidence of Drug-Resistant Hospital-Associated Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections, the Accompanying Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes with Treatment |
| title_short | Incidence of Drug-Resistant Hospital-Associated Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections, the Accompanying Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes with Treatment |
| title_sort | incidence of drug resistant hospital associated gram negative bacterial infections the accompanying risk factors and clinical outcomes with treatment |
| topic | hospital-associated infections extensive drug resistance multidrug resistance antimicrobials length of hospital stay |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/9/1425 |
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