Natural Sources and Bioactivities of 2,4-Di-Tert-Butylphenol and Its Analogs
2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol or 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-phenol (2,4-DTBP) is a common toxic secondary metabolite produced by various groups of organisms. The biosources and bioactivities of 2,4-DTBP have been well investigated, but the phenol has not been systematically reviewed. This article provides...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/1/35 |
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| author | Fuqiang Zhao Ping Wang Rima D. Lucardi Zushang Su Shiyou Li |
| author_facet | Fuqiang Zhao Ping Wang Rima D. Lucardi Zushang Su Shiyou Li |
| author_sort | Fuqiang Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol or 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-phenol (2,4-DTBP) is a common toxic secondary metabolite produced by various groups of organisms. The biosources and bioactivities of 2,4-DTBP have been well investigated, but the phenol has not been systematically reviewed. This article provides a comprehensive review of 2,4-DTBP and its analogs with emphasis on natural sources and bioactivities. 2,4-DTBP has been found in at least 169 species of bacteria (16 species, 10 families), fungi (11 species, eight families), diatom (one species, one family), liverwort (one species, one family), pteridiphyta (two species, two families), gymnosperms (four species, one family), dicots (107 species, 58 families), monocots (22 species, eight families), and animals (five species, five families). 2,4-DTBP is often a major component of violate or essential oils and it exhibits potent toxicity against almost all testing organisms, including the producers; however, it is not clear why organisms produce autotoxic 2,4-DTBP and its analogs. The accumulating evidence indicates that the endocidal regulation seems to be the primary function of the phenols in the producing organisms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T07:57:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d92b0180a328415aa3dc883f9a7a3910 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T07:57:48Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-d92b0180a328415aa3dc883f9a7a39102022-12-22T01:56:52ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512020-01-011213510.3390/toxins12010035toxins12010035Natural Sources and Bioactivities of 2,4-Di-Tert-Butylphenol and Its AnalogsFuqiang Zhao0Ping Wang1Rima D. Lucardi2Zushang Su3Shiyou Li4College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, Liaoning, ChinaNational Center for Pharmaceutical Crops, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USASouthern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 320 Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USANational Center for Pharmaceutical Crops, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USANational Center for Pharmaceutical Crops, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol or 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-phenol (2,4-DTBP) is a common toxic secondary metabolite produced by various groups of organisms. The biosources and bioactivities of 2,4-DTBP have been well investigated, but the phenol has not been systematically reviewed. This article provides a comprehensive review of 2,4-DTBP and its analogs with emphasis on natural sources and bioactivities. 2,4-DTBP has been found in at least 169 species of bacteria (16 species, 10 families), fungi (11 species, eight families), diatom (one species, one family), liverwort (one species, one family), pteridiphyta (two species, two families), gymnosperms (four species, one family), dicots (107 species, 58 families), monocots (22 species, eight families), and animals (five species, five families). 2,4-DTBP is often a major component of violate or essential oils and it exhibits potent toxicity against almost all testing organisms, including the producers; however, it is not clear why organisms produce autotoxic 2,4-DTBP and its analogs. The accumulating evidence indicates that the endocidal regulation seems to be the primary function of the phenols in the producing organisms.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/1/352,4-di-tert-butylphenol2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-phenol (2,4-dtbp)2,4-dtbpanalogsnatural sourcebioactivitiesautotoxicitybacteriafungiplantsanimals |
| spellingShingle | Fuqiang Zhao Ping Wang Rima D. Lucardi Zushang Su Shiyou Li Natural Sources and Bioactivities of 2,4-Di-Tert-Butylphenol and Its Analogs Toxins 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-phenol (2,4-dtbp) 2,4-dtbp analogs natural source bioactivities autotoxicity bacteria fungi plants animals |
| title | Natural Sources and Bioactivities of 2,4-Di-Tert-Butylphenol and Its Analogs |
| title_full | Natural Sources and Bioactivities of 2,4-Di-Tert-Butylphenol and Its Analogs |
| title_fullStr | Natural Sources and Bioactivities of 2,4-Di-Tert-Butylphenol and Its Analogs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Natural Sources and Bioactivities of 2,4-Di-Tert-Butylphenol and Its Analogs |
| title_short | Natural Sources and Bioactivities of 2,4-Di-Tert-Butylphenol and Its Analogs |
| title_sort | natural sources and bioactivities of 2 4 di tert butylphenol and its analogs |
| topic | 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-phenol (2,4-dtbp) 2,4-dtbp analogs natural source bioactivities autotoxicity bacteria fungi plants animals |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/1/35 |
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