The Encapsulation of Bioactive Plant Extracts into the Cellulose Microfiber Isolated from <i>G. optiva</i> Species for Biomedical Applications
Agricultural waste-based cellulose fibers have gained significant interest for a myriad of applications. <i>Grewia optiva (G. optiva),</i> a plant species, has been widely used for feeding animals, and the small branches’ bark is used for making rope. Herein, we have extracted cellulose...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Membranes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/11/1089 |
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| author | Khim Prasad Panthi Aashish Gyawali Shiva Pandeya Motee Lal Sharma Bhusal Bhanu Bhakta Neupane Arjun Prasad Tiwari Mahesh Kumar Joshi |
| author_facet | Khim Prasad Panthi Aashish Gyawali Shiva Pandeya Motee Lal Sharma Bhusal Bhanu Bhakta Neupane Arjun Prasad Tiwari Mahesh Kumar Joshi |
| author_sort | Khim Prasad Panthi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Agricultural waste-based cellulose fibers have gained significant interest for a myriad of applications. <i>Grewia optiva (G. optiva),</i> a plant species, has been widely used for feeding animals, and the small branches’ bark is used for making rope. Herein, we have extracted cellulose fibers from the bark of <i>G. optiva</i> species via chemical treatments (including an alkaline treatment and bleaching). The gravimetric analysis revealed that the bark of <i>G. Optiva</i> contains cellulose (63.13%), hemicellulose (13.52%), lignin (15.13%), and wax (2.8%). Cellulose microfibre (CMF) has been synthesized from raw fibre via chemical treatment methods. The obtained cellulose fibers were crosslinked and employed as the matrix to encapsulate the bioactive plant extracts derived from the root of <i>Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus).</i> The microscopic images, XRD, FTIR, and antibacterial/antioxidant activity confirmed the encapsulation of natural extracts in the cellulose microfiber. The microscopic images revealed that the encapsulation of the natural extracts slightly increased the fiber’s diameter. The XRD pattern showed that the extracted cellulose microfiber had an average crystalline size of 2.53 nm with a crystalline index of 30.4% compared to the crystalline size of 2.49 nm with a crystalline index of 27.99% for the plant extract incorporated membrane. The water uptake efficiency of the synthesized membrane increased up to 250%. The antimicrobial activity of the composite (the CMF-E membrane) was studied via the zone inhibition against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and the result indicated high antibacterial activity. This work highlighted <i>G. optiva-derived</i> cellulose microfiber as an optimum substrate for antimicrobial scaffolds. In addition, this paper first reports the antimicrobial/antioxidant behavior of the composite membrane of the <i>C. roseus</i> extract blended in the <i>G. optiva</i> microfiber. This work revealed the potential applications of CMF-E membranes for wound healing scaffolds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:51:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d92d531b7d954215b5b90bf3f012c5ad |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:51:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Membranes |
| spelling | doaj.art-d92d531b7d954215b5b90bf3f012c5ad2023-11-24T05:48:56ZengMDPI AGMembranes2077-03752022-11-011211108910.3390/membranes12111089The Encapsulation of Bioactive Plant Extracts into the Cellulose Microfiber Isolated from <i>G. optiva</i> Species for Biomedical ApplicationsKhim Prasad Panthi0Aashish Gyawali1Shiva Pandeya2Motee Lal Sharma Bhusal3Bhanu Bhakta Neupane4Arjun Prasad Tiwari5Mahesh Kumar Joshi6Department of Chemistry, Trichandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44613, NepalDepartment of Chemistry, Trichandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44613, NepalDepartment of Chemistry, Trichandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44613, NepalCentral Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44613, NepalCentral Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44613, NepalMechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USADepartment of Chemistry, Trichandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44613, NepalAgricultural waste-based cellulose fibers have gained significant interest for a myriad of applications. <i>Grewia optiva (G. optiva),</i> a plant species, has been widely used for feeding animals, and the small branches’ bark is used for making rope. Herein, we have extracted cellulose fibers from the bark of <i>G. optiva</i> species via chemical treatments (including an alkaline treatment and bleaching). The gravimetric analysis revealed that the bark of <i>G. Optiva</i> contains cellulose (63.13%), hemicellulose (13.52%), lignin (15.13%), and wax (2.8%). Cellulose microfibre (CMF) has been synthesized from raw fibre via chemical treatment methods. The obtained cellulose fibers were crosslinked and employed as the matrix to encapsulate the bioactive plant extracts derived from the root of <i>Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus).</i> The microscopic images, XRD, FTIR, and antibacterial/antioxidant activity confirmed the encapsulation of natural extracts in the cellulose microfiber. The microscopic images revealed that the encapsulation of the natural extracts slightly increased the fiber’s diameter. The XRD pattern showed that the extracted cellulose microfiber had an average crystalline size of 2.53 nm with a crystalline index of 30.4% compared to the crystalline size of 2.49 nm with a crystalline index of 27.99% for the plant extract incorporated membrane. The water uptake efficiency of the synthesized membrane increased up to 250%. The antimicrobial activity of the composite (the CMF-E membrane) was studied via the zone inhibition against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and the result indicated high antibacterial activity. This work highlighted <i>G. optiva-derived</i> cellulose microfiber as an optimum substrate for antimicrobial scaffolds. In addition, this paper first reports the antimicrobial/antioxidant behavior of the composite membrane of the <i>C. roseus</i> extract blended in the <i>G. optiva</i> microfiber. This work revealed the potential applications of CMF-E membranes for wound healing scaffolds.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/11/1089agricultural wastecellulose microfibers (CMF)antimicrobial activity<i>G. optiva</i>composite |
| spellingShingle | Khim Prasad Panthi Aashish Gyawali Shiva Pandeya Motee Lal Sharma Bhusal Bhanu Bhakta Neupane Arjun Prasad Tiwari Mahesh Kumar Joshi The Encapsulation of Bioactive Plant Extracts into the Cellulose Microfiber Isolated from <i>G. optiva</i> Species for Biomedical Applications Membranes agricultural waste cellulose microfibers (CMF) antimicrobial activity <i>G. optiva</i> composite |
| title | The Encapsulation of Bioactive Plant Extracts into the Cellulose Microfiber Isolated from <i>G. optiva</i> Species for Biomedical Applications |
| title_full | The Encapsulation of Bioactive Plant Extracts into the Cellulose Microfiber Isolated from <i>G. optiva</i> Species for Biomedical Applications |
| title_fullStr | The Encapsulation of Bioactive Plant Extracts into the Cellulose Microfiber Isolated from <i>G. optiva</i> Species for Biomedical Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Encapsulation of Bioactive Plant Extracts into the Cellulose Microfiber Isolated from <i>G. optiva</i> Species for Biomedical Applications |
| title_short | The Encapsulation of Bioactive Plant Extracts into the Cellulose Microfiber Isolated from <i>G. optiva</i> Species for Biomedical Applications |
| title_sort | encapsulation of bioactive plant extracts into the cellulose microfiber isolated from i g optiva i species for biomedical applications |
| topic | agricultural waste cellulose microfibers (CMF) antimicrobial activity <i>G. optiva</i> composite |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/11/1089 |
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