Lipids in Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology and the Role of Calculated Lipid Indices in Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Hyperlipidemia
The role of lipids is essential in any phase of the atherosclerotic process, which is considered a chronic lipid-related and inflammatory condition. The traditional lipid profile (including the evaluation of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein) is...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/1/75 |
| _version_ | 1797625720346771456 |
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| author | Melania Gaggini Francesca Gorini Cristina Vassalle |
| author_facet | Melania Gaggini Francesca Gorini Cristina Vassalle |
| author_sort | Melania Gaggini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The role of lipids is essential in any phase of the atherosclerotic process, which is considered a chronic lipid-related and inflammatory condition. The traditional lipid profile (including the evaluation of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein) is a well-established tool to assess the risk of atherosclerosis and as such has been widely used as a pillar of cardiovascular disease prevention and as a target of pharmacological treatments in clinical practice over the last decades. However, other non-traditional lipids have emerged as possible alternative predictors of cardiometabolic risk in addition to traditional single or panel lipids, as they better reflect the overall interaction between lipid/lipoprotein fractions. Therefore, this review deals with the lipid involvement characterizing the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, discussing some recently proposed non-traditional lipid indices and, in the light of available knowledge, their actual potential as new additive tools to better stratify cardiovascular risk in patients with hyperlipidemia as well as possible therapeutic targets in the clinical practice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:00:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d92ddac61e9149b3ba042309f4440c66 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:00:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-d92ddac61e9149b3ba042309f4440c662023-11-16T15:28:56ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-12-012417510.3390/ijms24010075Lipids in Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology and the Role of Calculated Lipid Indices in Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with HyperlipidemiaMelania Gaggini0Francesca Gorini1Cristina Vassalle2Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, ItalyInstitute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, ItalyFondazione CNR—Regione Toscana G Monasterio, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, ItalyThe role of lipids is essential in any phase of the atherosclerotic process, which is considered a chronic lipid-related and inflammatory condition. The traditional lipid profile (including the evaluation of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein) is a well-established tool to assess the risk of atherosclerosis and as such has been widely used as a pillar of cardiovascular disease prevention and as a target of pharmacological treatments in clinical practice over the last decades. However, other non-traditional lipids have emerged as possible alternative predictors of cardiometabolic risk in addition to traditional single or panel lipids, as they better reflect the overall interaction between lipid/lipoprotein fractions. Therefore, this review deals with the lipid involvement characterizing the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, discussing some recently proposed non-traditional lipid indices and, in the light of available knowledge, their actual potential as new additive tools to better stratify cardiovascular risk in patients with hyperlipidemia as well as possible therapeutic targets in the clinical practice.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/1/75atherosclerosislipidsnon-invasive lipid indicesnon-HDLCRI-ICRI-II |
| spellingShingle | Melania Gaggini Francesca Gorini Cristina Vassalle Lipids in Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology and the Role of Calculated Lipid Indices in Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Hyperlipidemia International Journal of Molecular Sciences atherosclerosis lipids non-invasive lipid indices non-HDL CRI-I CRI-II |
| title | Lipids in Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology and the Role of Calculated Lipid Indices in Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Hyperlipidemia |
| title_full | Lipids in Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology and the Role of Calculated Lipid Indices in Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Hyperlipidemia |
| title_fullStr | Lipids in Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology and the Role of Calculated Lipid Indices in Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Hyperlipidemia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lipids in Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology and the Role of Calculated Lipid Indices in Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Hyperlipidemia |
| title_short | Lipids in Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology and the Role of Calculated Lipid Indices in Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Hyperlipidemia |
| title_sort | lipids in atherosclerosis pathophysiology and the role of calculated lipid indices in assessing cardiovascular risk in patients with hyperlipidemia |
| topic | atherosclerosis lipids non-invasive lipid indices non-HDL CRI-I CRI-II |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/1/75 |
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