| Summary: | Abstract Background Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) decrease glucose levels by regulating incretin peptides in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to determine the modulatory effect of DPP-4i on brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) in patients with T2DM. Methods PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the impact of DPP-4i on BNP or NT-pro-BNP. A fixed- or random-effects model was used for quantitative analysis, according to the heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were performed using standard methods. Results Nine trials with 3056 patients with T2DM were included. Meta-analysis revealed that DPP-4i did not significantly modulate the BNP (0.21 pg/mL, 95% CI − 2.36–2.79) or NT-pro-BNP level (− 7.34 pg/mL, 95% CI − 24.27–9.59). DPP-4i demonstrated no stronger effect on modulating BNP (5.17 pg/mL, 95% CI − 7.48–17.82) or NT-pro-BNP (− 9.95 pg/mL, 95% CI − 44.61–24.71) than active comparators. Pooled analysis was robust and stable after sensitivity analysis. Conclusions DPP-4i exhibits no significant effect on modulating BNP or NT-pro-BNP and shows no stronger effect than traditional antidiabetic agents in T2DM.
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