Microbiome-Related and Infection Control Approaches to Primary and Secondary Prevention of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infections
<i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infections (CDIs) have decreased in the past years, but since 2021, some hospitals have reported an increase in CDI rates. CDI remains a global concern and has been identified as an urgent threat to healthcare. Although multiple treatment options are avail...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/6/1534 |
| _version_ | 1797593410604892160 |
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| author | Lynne V. McFarland Ellie J. C. Goldstein Ravina Kullar |
| author_facet | Lynne V. McFarland Ellie J. C. Goldstein Ravina Kullar |
| author_sort | Lynne V. McFarland |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infections (CDIs) have decreased in the past years, but since 2021, some hospitals have reported an increase in CDI rates. CDI remains a global concern and has been identified as an urgent threat to healthcare. Although multiple treatment options are available, prevention strategies are more limited. As CDI is an opportunistic infection that arises after the normally protective microbiome has been disrupted, preventive measures aimed at restoring the microbiome have been tested. Our aim is to update the present knowledge on these various preventive strategies published in the past five years (2018–2023) to guide clinicians and healthcare systems on how to best prevent CDI. A literature search was conducted using databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and clinicaltrials.gov) for phase 2–3 clinical trials for the primary or secondary prevention of CDI and microbiome and probiotics. As the main factor for <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infections is the disruption of the normally protective intestinal microbiome, strategies aimed at restoring the microbiome seem most rational. Some strains of probiotics, the use of fecal microbial therapy, and live biotherapeutic products offer promise to fill this niche; although, more large randomized controlled trials are needed that document the shifts in the microbiome population. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:08:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d93706d8eed14b5b978660575c36f42e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:08:43Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-d93706d8eed14b5b978660575c36f42e2023-11-18T11:43:13ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-06-01116153410.3390/microorganisms11061534Microbiome-Related and Infection Control Approaches to Primary and Secondary Prevention of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> InfectionsLynne V. McFarland0Ellie J. C. Goldstein1Ravina Kullar2McFarland Consulting, Seattle, WA 98115, USAR.M. Alden Research Laboratory, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USAExpert Stewardship Inc., Newport Beach, CA 92663, USA<i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infections (CDIs) have decreased in the past years, but since 2021, some hospitals have reported an increase in CDI rates. CDI remains a global concern and has been identified as an urgent threat to healthcare. Although multiple treatment options are available, prevention strategies are more limited. As CDI is an opportunistic infection that arises after the normally protective microbiome has been disrupted, preventive measures aimed at restoring the microbiome have been tested. Our aim is to update the present knowledge on these various preventive strategies published in the past five years (2018–2023) to guide clinicians and healthcare systems on how to best prevent CDI. A literature search was conducted using databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and clinicaltrials.gov) for phase 2–3 clinical trials for the primary or secondary prevention of CDI and microbiome and probiotics. As the main factor for <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infections is the disruption of the normally protective intestinal microbiome, strategies aimed at restoring the microbiome seem most rational. Some strains of probiotics, the use of fecal microbial therapy, and live biotherapeutic products offer promise to fill this niche; although, more large randomized controlled trials are needed that document the shifts in the microbiome population.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/6/1534<i>C. difficile</i> infectionspreventionlive biological productprobiotics |
| spellingShingle | Lynne V. McFarland Ellie J. C. Goldstein Ravina Kullar Microbiome-Related and Infection Control Approaches to Primary and Secondary Prevention of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infections Microorganisms <i>C. difficile</i> infections prevention live biological product probiotics |
| title | Microbiome-Related and Infection Control Approaches to Primary and Secondary Prevention of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infections |
| title_full | Microbiome-Related and Infection Control Approaches to Primary and Secondary Prevention of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infections |
| title_fullStr | Microbiome-Related and Infection Control Approaches to Primary and Secondary Prevention of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infections |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microbiome-Related and Infection Control Approaches to Primary and Secondary Prevention of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infections |
| title_short | Microbiome-Related and Infection Control Approaches to Primary and Secondary Prevention of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infections |
| title_sort | microbiome related and infection control approaches to primary and secondary prevention of i clostridioides difficile i infections |
| topic | <i>C. difficile</i> infections prevention live biological product probiotics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/6/1534 |
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