| Summary: | Optimization of the cotton breeding process at the present stage is the main condition for the success of practical breeding. The need for continuous change and improvement of varieties, as well as a reduction in the timing of their breeding, requires a revision of the arsenal of breeding methods and many theoretical attitudes from the point of view of the ideas of modern genetics. The ideas of statistical genetics are especially effective for the development of the theory and methods of selection, as well as its central link - the theory of selection and selection of parental pairs. In practical terms, they make it possible to develop the most accurate criteria for the selection, selection and evaluation of breeding material, and this is the main content of optimization of the breeding process. Even in the strictest self-pollinators, although rarely, the plants are re-pollinated or, in any case, are capable of re-pollinating. Consequently, plants can exchange genetic material, transmit the emerging hereditary changes to each other, and it can be considered as a potential population. This article presents the results of studies to study the possibility of using the dominance coefficient when assessing cotton families. It was shown that phenotypically homogeneous families when crossing show different degrees of manifestation of the studied traits in F1 hybrids.
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