Methadone maintenance treatment and mortality in HIV-positive people who inject opioids in China
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) on mortality in people injecting opioids who receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in China. METHODS: The study involved a nationwide cohort of 23 813 HIV-positi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The World Health Organization
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| Series: | Bulletin of the World Health Organization |
| Online Access: | http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0042-96862013000200009&lng=en&tlng=en |
| _version_ | 1827337487182200832 |
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| author | Yan Zhao Cynthia X Shi Jennifer M McGoogan Keming Rou Fujie Zhang Zunyou Wu |
| author_facet | Yan Zhao Cynthia X Shi Jennifer M McGoogan Keming Rou Fujie Zhang Zunyou Wu |
| author_sort | Yan Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) on mortality in people injecting opioids who receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in China. METHODS: The study involved a nationwide cohort of 23 813 HIV-positive (HIV+) people injecting opioids who received ART between 31 December 2002 and 31 December 2011. Mortality rates and demographic, disease and treatment characteristics were compared in patients who received either ART and MMT or ART only. Factors associated with mortality were identified by univariate and multivariate analysis. FINDINGS: Overall, 3057 deaths occurred during 41 959 person-years of follow-up (mortality: 7.3 per 100 person-years; 95% confidence interval, CI: 7.0-7.5). Mortality 6 months after starting ART was significantly lower with ART and MMT than with ART only (6.6 versus 16.9 per 100 person-years, respectively; P < 0.001). After 12 months, mortality was 3.7 and 7.4 per 100 person-years in the two groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Not having received MMT was an independent predictor of death (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.3-1.6). Other predictors were a low haemoglobin level and a low CD4+ T-lymphocyte count at ART initiation and treatment at facilities other than infectious disease hospitals. CONCLUSION: Patients would benefit more from both MMT and HIV treatment programmes and would face fewer barriers to care if cross-referrals between programmes were promoted and ART and MMT services were located together. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T18:55:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d93de38e42a946fa99c6ebbbeaa6509a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0042-9686 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T18:55:45Z |
| publisher | The World Health Organization |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bulletin of the World Health Organization |
| spelling | doaj.art-d93de38e42a946fa99c6ebbbeaa6509a2024-03-02T00:28:00ZengThe World Health OrganizationBulletin of the World Health Organization0042-96869129310110.2471/BLT.12.108944S0042-96862013000200009Methadone maintenance treatment and mortality in HIV-positive people who inject opioids in ChinaYan Zhao0Cynthia X Shi1Jennifer M McGoogan2Keming Rou3Fujie Zhang4Zunyou Wu5Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionOBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) on mortality in people injecting opioids who receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in China. METHODS: The study involved a nationwide cohort of 23 813 HIV-positive (HIV+) people injecting opioids who received ART between 31 December 2002 and 31 December 2011. Mortality rates and demographic, disease and treatment characteristics were compared in patients who received either ART and MMT or ART only. Factors associated with mortality were identified by univariate and multivariate analysis. FINDINGS: Overall, 3057 deaths occurred during 41 959 person-years of follow-up (mortality: 7.3 per 100 person-years; 95% confidence interval, CI: 7.0-7.5). Mortality 6 months after starting ART was significantly lower with ART and MMT than with ART only (6.6 versus 16.9 per 100 person-years, respectively; P < 0.001). After 12 months, mortality was 3.7 and 7.4 per 100 person-years in the two groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Not having received MMT was an independent predictor of death (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.3-1.6). Other predictors were a low haemoglobin level and a low CD4+ T-lymphocyte count at ART initiation and treatment at facilities other than infectious disease hospitals. CONCLUSION: Patients would benefit more from both MMT and HIV treatment programmes and would face fewer barriers to care if cross-referrals between programmes were promoted and ART and MMT services were located together.http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0042-96862013000200009&lng=en&tlng=en |
| spellingShingle | Yan Zhao Cynthia X Shi Jennifer M McGoogan Keming Rou Fujie Zhang Zunyou Wu Methadone maintenance treatment and mortality in HIV-positive people who inject opioids in China Bulletin of the World Health Organization |
| title | Methadone maintenance treatment and mortality in HIV-positive people who inject opioids in China |
| title_full | Methadone maintenance treatment and mortality in HIV-positive people who inject opioids in China |
| title_fullStr | Methadone maintenance treatment and mortality in HIV-positive people who inject opioids in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Methadone maintenance treatment and mortality in HIV-positive people who inject opioids in China |
| title_short | Methadone maintenance treatment and mortality in HIV-positive people who inject opioids in China |
| title_sort | methadone maintenance treatment and mortality in hiv positive people who inject opioids in china |
| url | http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0042-96862013000200009&lng=en&tlng=en |
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