From Field Tests to Molecular Tools—Evaluating Diagnostic Tests to Improve Rabies Surveillance in Namibia
Rabies is endemic in Namibia and is present both in wildlife carnivores and domestic free-roaming dogs. The disease thus represents a challenge for public human and veterinary disease control. Namibia has implemented a national strategic plan to control rabies and the country’s activities are suppor...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/2/371 |
| _version_ | 1797617815064150016 |
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| author | Conrad M. Freuling Jolandie van der Westhuizen Siegfried Khaiseb Tenzin Tenzin Thomas Müller |
| author_facet | Conrad M. Freuling Jolandie van der Westhuizen Siegfried Khaiseb Tenzin Tenzin Thomas Müller |
| author_sort | Conrad M. Freuling |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rabies is endemic in Namibia and is present both in wildlife carnivores and domestic free-roaming dogs. The disease thus represents a challenge for public human and veterinary disease control. Namibia has implemented a national strategic plan to control rabies and the country’s activities are supported by international organizations. To this end, rabies diagnosis at the Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL) was improved in the frame of a World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) laboratory twinning program: from practical sampling techniques and the use of lateral flow devices to a novel universal and discriminatory quantitative real-time Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), which easily identify dog-associated rabies viruses. The procedures applied and the results can be used as a template to improve rabies laboratory diagnosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:01:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d940b464deca4c0791a858c1b6e3a3c9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:01:09Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-d940b464deca4c0791a858c1b6e3a3c92023-11-16T23:48:06ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-01-0115237110.3390/v15020371From Field Tests to Molecular Tools—Evaluating Diagnostic Tests to Improve Rabies Surveillance in NamibiaConrad M. Freuling0Jolandie van der Westhuizen1Siegfried Khaiseb2Tenzin Tenzin3Thomas Müller4Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research, WOAH Reference Laboratory for Rabies, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyCentral Veterinary Laboratory, Directorate of Veterinary Services (DVS), Ministry of Agriculture Water and Land Reform, Windhoek 9000, NamibiaCentral Veterinary Laboratory, Directorate of Veterinary Services (DVS), Ministry of Agriculture Water and Land Reform, Windhoek 9000, NamibiaWorld Organization for Animal Health (WOAH), Sub-Regional Representation for Southern Africa, Gaborone 25662, BotswanaInstitute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research, WOAH Reference Laboratory for Rabies, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyRabies is endemic in Namibia and is present both in wildlife carnivores and domestic free-roaming dogs. The disease thus represents a challenge for public human and veterinary disease control. Namibia has implemented a national strategic plan to control rabies and the country’s activities are supported by international organizations. To this end, rabies diagnosis at the Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL) was improved in the frame of a World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) laboratory twinning program: from practical sampling techniques and the use of lateral flow devices to a novel universal and discriminatory quantitative real-time Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), which easily identify dog-associated rabies viruses. The procedures applied and the results can be used as a template to improve rabies laboratory diagnosis.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/2/371rabies diagnosticsAfricaNamibiasurveillancelateral flow devices (LFD)RT-qPCR |
| spellingShingle | Conrad M. Freuling Jolandie van der Westhuizen Siegfried Khaiseb Tenzin Tenzin Thomas Müller From Field Tests to Molecular Tools—Evaluating Diagnostic Tests to Improve Rabies Surveillance in Namibia Viruses rabies diagnostics Africa Namibia surveillance lateral flow devices (LFD) RT-qPCR |
| title | From Field Tests to Molecular Tools—Evaluating Diagnostic Tests to Improve Rabies Surveillance in Namibia |
| title_full | From Field Tests to Molecular Tools—Evaluating Diagnostic Tests to Improve Rabies Surveillance in Namibia |
| title_fullStr | From Field Tests to Molecular Tools—Evaluating Diagnostic Tests to Improve Rabies Surveillance in Namibia |
| title_full_unstemmed | From Field Tests to Molecular Tools—Evaluating Diagnostic Tests to Improve Rabies Surveillance in Namibia |
| title_short | From Field Tests to Molecular Tools—Evaluating Diagnostic Tests to Improve Rabies Surveillance in Namibia |
| title_sort | from field tests to molecular tools evaluating diagnostic tests to improve rabies surveillance in namibia |
| topic | rabies diagnostics Africa Namibia surveillance lateral flow devices (LFD) RT-qPCR |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/2/371 |
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